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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

河南省三门峡市2017-2018学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.

    The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do. Nine out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(学步的儿童)aren't tall enough or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they'd been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach.

Most poisonings related to medicines—particularly among babies and toddlers—occur within their home. Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment. At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.

    The new Safe Kids worldwide report includes a survey of 2,000 parents with children under age 6. While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings had declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.

    Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补充品)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning.

(1)、Why are children poisoned according to the text?
A、Some of the medicines at home taste nice B、There is something poisonous in medicines C、Kids have easy access to medicines at home D、Kids are curious to explore the environment
(2)、What can we learn from the text?
A、Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids B、The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6 C、600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly D、Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home
(3)、What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A、Factors contributing to the mistakes parents have made B、Tips that parents can follow to avoid a medicine poisoning C、Examples related to vitamin and supplement poisonings D、Impressive recovery results in helping patients
(4)、What could be the best title for the text?
A、Parents' Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned B、The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately C、Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines D、Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home
举一反三
阅读理解
    When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for help —but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand on fire. After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and ignited the cotton. Heat quickly penetrated the cotton and began to roast my hand. The pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick prevented it. All I could do was watch my hand burn —one minute, then two minutes— until mom put out the fire.
    You see, the part of China I grew up in was a rural village, and at that time preindustrial. When I was born, my village had no cars, no telephones, no electricity, and even no running water. And we certainly didn't have access to modern medical resources. There was no doctor my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.
    For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science behind my mom's cure: heat deactivates(使失去活性) proteins, and a spider's venom (毒液) is simply a form of protein. It's cool how that folk remedy actually incorporates basic biochemistry, isn't it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard, I now know that better, less painful and less risky treatments existed. So I can't help but ask myself why I didn't receive one at the time.
    Fifteen years have passed since that incident I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question lingers, and I continue to be troubled by it. We have learned to edit the human genome(基因组) and unlock many secrets of how cancer progresses. We can control neuronal activity literally with the switch of a light. Each year brings more advances in biomedical research—exciting, transformative accomplishments. Yet, despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we haven't been so successful in distributing it to where it's needed most. According to the World Bank, twelve percent of the world's population lives on less than $ 2 a day. Malnutrition kills more than 3 million children annually. Three hundred million people are suffering malaria globally. All over the world, we constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and lack of resources preventing the flow of scientific information. Life-saving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often unavailable in these underdeveloped regions. And in far too many places, people are still essentially trying to cure a spider bite with fire.
阅读理解

    Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

    Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

    Duration: 3 hours

    This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!

    Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

    Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)

    Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

    Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

    Duration: 3 hours

    Morning or afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

    Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

    Duration: 3 hours(7miles)

    Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

阅读理解

    Sure, it's good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.

    And yes, it's good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it's smart to learn how to understand the different types of people you'll meet throughout your life

    "But really, there's one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, learning bursts right open," says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column (专栏) called "Teacher Says" for the Washington Post newspaper.

    In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they're more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school life like bullying.

    As a kid in a primary or middle school, you're at a wonderful stage in your life. You're like a sponge(海绵), able to absorb lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you're able to think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that, and, in most cases, is very excited to be the person who's giving you all that material and helping you make it. Remember, teachers are people, too, and they feel great if you're open to what they're teaching you. That's why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!

    Some kids may be able to learn in any situation, whether they like the teacher or not. But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher, and if things aren't going well, they won't learn as well and won't enjoy being in class.

 阅读短文,回答问题

The periodic table of elements is a common sight in classrooms,campus hallways and libraries. The mode periodic table arranges the elements by their atomic numbers and periodic properties(周期性). Several scientists worked over a century to assemble the elements into this format. 

In 1789,French chemist Antoine Lavoisiertried grouping the elements as metals and nonmetals. Forty years later,German physicist Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner observed similarities in physical and chemical properties of certain elements. He arranged them in groups of three in increasing order of atomic weight and called them triads,observing that some properties of the middle element,such as atomic weight and density,approximated the average value of these properties in the other two in each triad. 

A breakthrough came with the pu blication of a revised list of elements and their atomic masses at the first international conference of chemistry in Karlsruhe,Germany,in 1860. They concluded hydrogen would be assigned the atomic weight of 1 and that the atomic weight of other elements would be decided by comparison with hydrogen. For example,carbon,being 12 times heavier than hydrogen,would have an atomic weight of 12. 

In 1869,Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev created the framework that became the moder periodic table,leaving gaps for elements that were yet to be discovered. Mendeleev predicted the properties of some undiscovered elements and gave them names such as"eka-aluminum"for an element with properties similar to aluminum. Later "eka-aluminum"was discovered as gallium. 

German chemist Lothar Meyer produced a version of the periodic table similar to Mendeleev's in 1870. He left gaps for undiscovered elements but never predicted their properties. The Royal Society of London awarded the Davy Medal in 1882 to both Mendeleev and Meyer. The later discovery of elements predicted by Mendeleev verified(证实)his predictions and his periodic table won universal recognition. In 1955 the 101st element was named mendelevium in his honor. 

On UNESCO website,it wrote,"The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements is more than just a guide or catalogue of the entire known atoms in the universe;it is essentially a window on the universe,helping to expand our understanding of the world around us. "

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