题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通
天津市和平区2017届高三英语第四次质量调查(四模)试卷
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
A. A general sleep rule. B. The importance of sleep. C. A funny sleeping example. D. Different levels of sleep. E. The time we need for sleep. F. Different states of sleep. |
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Sleep, as we know, is important to us because it helps restore tired organs and tissues in our body. But how much sleep do we actually need?
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For most of us, eight hours seems to be about the right amount. Yet we know that there are a great many people who get along perfectly with less sleep and some who may even need more. A great deal depends on the way we live. But a good general rule to follow is to sleep as long as we have to in order to feel happy and be able to work at our best when we are awake.
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There are actually different levels of sleep. There is a deep sleep and a shallow sleep. In a shallow sleep our body does not get the same kind of rest as it gets in a deep sleep, so that after eight hours of a shallow sleep we may still feel tired. But a short deep sleep can be very restful.
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Alexander the Great was able to get a deep sleep whenever he needed it. Once, during the night before an important battle, he remained awake longer than anyone else. Then he wrapped himself in a cloak and lay down on the earth. He slept so deeply that his generals had to wake him three times to give command to attack!
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Normally when we go to sleep, our “ sleep center” blocks off nerves so that both our brain and our body go to sleep. One prevents us form wanting to do anything and the other makes our internal organs and limbs go to sleep. But someone will fall asleep (brain sleep) and keep on marching, because his body is not asleep!
Guilt, a positive use for a negative emotion
Guilt is one the most painful emotions that humans experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: it alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong. This makes it possible for the person to make amends and it can also motivate people to avoid making similar mistakes later.
Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if not dealt with in the right way. It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inaction. Some try to avoid the pain of guilt by turning to other worse habits. Others try to cover up their guilt by blaming others or becoming angry.
What makes it more complicated is that sometimes people feel guilty about things that they can't control. One example of this is survivors' guilt, when people who survived a disaster feel guilty because they escaped death while others didn't. Other people experience false guilt because of too high expectations for themselves.
The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilt, it's important to recognize that guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure. For example, some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. In this case, it's important to remind yourself that you have limits. No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.
It's also important to acknowledge what you are feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.
It's possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong—or didn't do something you should have .If so, don't try to hide it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness, working to heal relationships that were damaged by your actions, which will make your guilty feelings fade.
Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well.
Guilt, a positive use for a negative emotion | |
One purpose it serves | To warn people of their mistakes, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} them to mend their mistakes and motivating them to avoid {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the same action again. |
Causes of guilt | ● A person did something wrong. ● A person didn't do something he or she should have done. ● Something happened {#blank#}3{#/blank#} a person's control. ● A person {#blank#}4{#/blank#} too much of himself or herself. |
Destructive results | If it is not {#blank#}5{#/blank#} correctly, people may: ● {#blank#}6{#/blank#} from others because of embarrassment; ● turn to other worse habits to avoid the pain of guilt; ● cover their guilt by {#blank#}7{#/blank#} the blame or being angry. |
Proper response | ● Recognize guilt is not a reflection of ethical failure. Admit your limits when you {#blank#}8{#/blank#} to meet your expectation. ● Acknowledge your feelings. Balance them with positive thoughts and be{#blank#}9{#/blank#}. ● Don't hide your guilt. Apologize and ask for forgiveness and work to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} up with the people you hurt. |
Conclusion | If made good use of, guilt can be useful though it is painful. |
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