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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

江苏省南京市六校联合体2020届高三上学期英语期初测试试卷(含小段音频)

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

The urge to share our lives on social media

    People have long used media to see reflections of themselves. Long before mobile phones or even photography, diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives. In the 18th and 19th centuries, as diaries became more popular, middle-class New Englanders, particularly white women, wrote about their everyday lives and the world around them.

    These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires, but rather a place to chronicle (记录) the social world around them. The diaries captured the everyday routines of mid-19th-century life, and women diarists in particular focused not on themselves but on their families and their communities.

Diaries today are, for the most part, private. But things were different for these New England diaries. Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way of maintaining kin (血缘) relations. When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal together.

    Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with others. We have long used media like photo albums, baby books and even slide shows as a means of creating traces (痕迹) of our lives. We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our behaviour. We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.

    Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy (亲密感). For example, you take a picture of your child's first birthday. It is not only a developmental milestone: the photo also strengthen the identity of the family unit itself. The act of taking the photo and proudly sharing it further reaffirms (再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent. In other words, the media traces of others figure in our own identities.

    Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use, unlike historical diaries, which people had to buy. Today, advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms. Therefore these platforms encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to better target them. Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.

    Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze (狂热) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc. There's a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our smartphones, relying on a longstanding human need for communication.

    The urge to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism (自恋).

    Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.

Passage outline

Supporting details

Features of media

♦ People kept to understand themselves and the world they live in.

♦ Middle-class Englanders, especially white women diarists focused on their families and communities.

♦ It was common for young married women to their diaries with family members or friends.

of media

♦ We have long used media to partly show we are and what we have experienced in our lives.

♦ Sharing daily life events can make family members to each other.

Present situation of media

♦ Today's social media platforms can be used for .

♦ Private data about us are used as through targeted advertising.

♦ Social media are trying to draw more people in by to their need for communication.

Conclusion

People are greatly interested in the use of social media for narcissism and social .

举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

    From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money and time. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

    1). Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    2). Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

    3).  {#blank#}4{#/blank#} This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

    Hopefully that gives a good start. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Celebrating Sleep

    World Sleep Day, observed on 21 March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems worldwide. Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world ignore its importance. As a result, sleep problems are increasingly common.In 2002, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece conducted a survey of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa. Of the people that responded to the survey, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, and based on their responses, 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia(失眠) and another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline(边界线) insomnia. In addition, 30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems and 11.6 percent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.

    Overall, the survey found that many people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples of which are being unable to fall asleep and waking up in the middle of the night. The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. The survey's findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night. The short-term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating. If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.

    There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.

    Getting a good night's sleep is important for everyone. By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day.

Topic

Context

World Sleep Day

Due to ignorance of sleep problems, people observed Mar. 21, World Sleep Day, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} attention to the importance of sleep.

Responses of the survey

◆Of 3, 5000 people in 10 countries in the world, there were 24 percent of the people saying they didn't sleep well.

◆31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were on the {#blank#}2{#/blank#} of sleeplessness.

◆The {#blank#}3{#/blank#} of the people feeling sleepy during the day is 11.6.

◆30.7 percent reported {#blank#}4{#/blank#} to a doctor for sleep problems.

Factors {#blank#}5{#/blank#} sleep problems and their

consequences

◆Under {#blank#}6{#/blank#} from school or work, people may have sleep problems.

◆A fast pace of life causes sleep problem as well.

◆Poor quality sleeps also {#blank#}7{#/blank#} from noise or light pollution.

◆There is much {#blank#}8{#/blank#} that sleepless people easily gain weight and have a heart attack.

◆Feeling tired and sleepy, people find it hard to concentrate.

{#blank#}9{#/blank#} to take to improve sleep quality

◆Have regular sleep habits

◆Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet

◆Avoid things {#blank#}10{#/blank#} caffeine

任务型阅读

    Do you want to improve your networking skills? If so,check out five ways to promote your networking skills.

    Research the event before you go.

    Do your research before you attend an event.Figuring out the dress standard and the theme of the event will help you perfect your clothes, attitude, and approach{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Mental preparation will help you feel confident and comfortable.

    Describe yourself differently.

    Most people choose to describe themselves to strangers by saying their name and job. However, unless you have a unique name and an eye-catching job, this probably won't help. Give them a little more to work with{#blank#}2{#/blank#}In that case, people may have a chance to ask you a few questions.

    Network with everyone.

    At networking events, there are probably specific people that you want to talk to.While this could be beneficial to you, don't cut off your other choices{#blank#}3{#/blank#}It can also help you to get noticed by the people you want to speak to.

    Smile to make a great first impression.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} According to a research,people decide whether you are trustworthy or not after looking at your face for 34 milliseconds(毫秒).Make those milliseconds count by relaxing the muscles in your face and smiling.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Don't let the end of your conversation affect your networking for the worse.Have a reason for leaving,smile as you say goodbye,and shake hands if appropriate.Even though you are leaving,this guarantees the person will remember you as polite,pleasant,and sincere.

A.First impressions mean a lot.

B.Finish the conversation gracefully.

C.Work on finding a conversational balance.

D.It is important to keep the conversation flowing.

E.Provide a more general and mysterious(神秘的)description.

F.It will also help you prepare some great conversation starters.

G.Being polite and friendly to everyone enables you to make a great impression.

任务型阅读

    Maybe you are an average student.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}This is not necessarily so,however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here's how.

    Plan your time carefully.When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list,you should make a schedule of your time.First your time for eating,sleeping,dressing,etc.Then decide a good,regular time for studying{#blank#}2{#/blank#}A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

    Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space,which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room,free of everything but study materials.No games,radios,or television.When you sit down to study,concentrate on the subject.

    Make good use of your time in class{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

    Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes,review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day and read that material{#blank#}4{#/blank#}If you do these things regularly,the material will become more meaningful,and you'll remember it longer.

    Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won't end if you don't pass a test,so don't be over worried.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}You will probably discover them after you have tried these.

A.There are other methods that might help you with your studying.

B.Don't forget to arrange enough time for entertainment.

C.Make full use of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.

D.No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.

E.You probably think you will never be a top student.

F.Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.

G.This will help you understand the next class.

任务型阅读

    Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

    Schedule yearly exams.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eye- glasses.

    Protect against UV rays. Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

    Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A.Eat your greens.

B.Eye care should begin early in life.

C.They can properly protect your eyes.

D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E.Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

F.Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

    A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that's hard to resist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation (剥夺).

    Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students' progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.

    It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.

    New technology habits aren't helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it's still daytime, delaying the body's cues to sleep even further.

    Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.

    In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.

    Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.

    Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.

Title

Let Teenagers Sleep In

Introduction

The {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of students fail to have enough sleep.

Consequences of  insufficient sleep

★Lacking sleep, students fail to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} on their study, progress prevented and grades lowered.

★Deprived of sleep, students are {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to suffer from physical and emotional problems.

Reasons for lacking sleep

★Biologically, adolescents tend to sleep late and get up {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, which can't meet the actual needs.

★Long {#blank#}5{#/blank#} to the blue light from screens prevents the body's secretion of the hormone sending sleeping signals.

{#blank#}6{#/blank#} to the problem

★Parents should set real {#blank#}7{#/blank#} on screen time, and praise children who can regulate their own media consumption.

★Before bedtime, parents should create a healthy environment {#blank#}8{#/blank#} from bright or too strong lights.

★Joint efforts should be made to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} the school start time until, say, 8: 30 a. m.

Conclusion

Changes on school start time will {#blank#}10{#/blank#} both students and society although there is a long way to go.

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