题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省南京市高淳区淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等97校2018届高三上学期英语12月联考试卷
ARNOLD Schwarzenegger is back, once again taking on his iconic killer robot role, the T-800, in August's new movie Terminator Genisys. While the T-800 model—even if it can be evil—has a fond place in moviegoers' hearts, the reality of autonomous machines is no joke, according to scientists.
Autonomous weapons use artificial intelligence (AI) to choose targets without human help. They were described as “the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms” in an open letter signed by over 1,000 important technology figures in July. The list included British scientist Stephen Hawking and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. They asked governments around the world to ban autonomous weapons, warning that killer robots could start ethnic cleansings and an arms race.
“They will look like tanks. They will look like battleships. They will look like jet fighters,” UK robotics professor Noel Sharkey told CNET, a leading technology website.
But unlike these machines, which require a human hand in their action, so-called “killer robots” would have some decision-making abilities and the ability to act on their own.
“If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is almost inevitable,” said the letter released at the 2015 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The idea of an automated killing machine was made famous by Schwarzenegger's first Terminator movie in 1984. While no red-eyed robots have been sent after human beings, the idea of AI being used as a weapon has gotten much more likely in the years ever since. The US military is already developing autonomous flying vehicles that can carry out all the steps of a strike mission without a human controlling them, according to a May report in Nature magazine.
Scientists have even painted a destructive picture of autonomous weapons falling into the hands of terrorists or warlords hoping to carry out ethnic cleansings.
“The development of full artificial intelligence could lead to the end of the human race,” Hawking said to the BBC in 2016.
Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. Last May, for the first time, the United Nations brought governments together to begin talks on autonomous weapons systems.
Still, a ban on autonomous weapons is “easier said than done”, commented The Guardian. The dual (双重的) uses of the AI technology—for harm and for good—is difficult to manage. This is because the exact same technology can be used in a wide range of ways, the paper said.
How to Manage Your Phone's Data Use
Smart phones give you access to a wealth of information and media, but most networks put a limit on the amount of data you can use each month. A typical phone contract includes a data allowance of between 500MB and 10GB per month. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} You see, your usage can mount up surprisingly quickly – watching a film on the phone is about 700MB in SD, an hour of streaming TV is around 500MB or 60-140MB for the same of radio, chatting on Skype for an hour is around 40MB. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}
If possible, wait until you can connect to free Wi-Fi before using your phone's data features.
When you are on the road, use your car's GPS, not your phone, to find the way. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} But maps are preloaded in a GPS, making this free to use.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Many of these are funded by ads that pop up on your screen. Every ad has to download through your network, using up your data allowance.
If you regularly need to use a lot of data on your phone, consider a data-compressing(压缩) app, such as Onavo(www.onavo.com). {#blank#}5{#/blank#} So you use less of your monthly allowance. You may have to subscribe to such compression services, so you'll need to weigh up whether it's worth the cost.
A. The more data, the higher the monthly cost. B. Remember to use free Wi-Fi anywhere you go. C. Try these tips to better manage your data use. D. It compresses data before it is fed to your phone. E. But you might end up paying more than expected. F. The phone has to download map data as you move. G. Be careful of how many “free” games you play on the phone. |
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