Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion : ethos, pathos, and logos.

    Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advise about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person. If an audience cannot trust you, you will not be able to persuade them.

    Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them support him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats, to make the viewers feel pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money.

    Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.

    Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. Indeed, most speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

    How strong are you?

    That is a hard question to answer, whether you are a man or a woman. But, really , I want to ask how do you define(给...下定义)your strength? How do you know your limits?{#blank#}1{#/blank#} When push comes, we often discover that we are much stronger than we think.

    What is Strength?

    Strength is not always about pure physical strength.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} It is about the ability to get things done. I know some people who are intellectually strong, but they get very little done in their jobs. And I know others who find work challenging, but they make it by strong drive and hard work. They possess inner strength.

    Self-Imposed Limits

    What I have observed is that most people set their own limits. They limit their output based on self-framed limits (自我设定的限制) of their abilities and strengths. Sometimes these boundaries are based on past experiences. Sometimes they are based on self-imagined abilities.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}So, how do we break through these limits? How do we get stronger?

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    If you want to be stronger, you have to push your boundaries. Pushing it is what it takes to increase your limits. In the gym, bodybuilders discovered this long ago. The same principle is true when it comes to inner strength.

    Want to test your limits? Push yourself. Test your self-framed limits to see how accurate they are. Make sure your goals are slightly beyond what you think can be achieved.

    You Are Stronger Than You Think

    Most people underestimate(低估) their strength.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Test your limits. Push yourself to find your true boundaries and define your strength.

    When you discover how much you've really got, you may surprise even yourself.

A. Certainly, it is about willpower.

B. Sometimes these limits are based on nothing.

C. How do you know just how much you've got?

D. Pushing It

E. As you go through your day, challenge your ability.

F. How can we train our mind and make it stronger?

G. Strength is a combination of physical and mental ability.

    It can be challenging to find time to work out(锻炼)when your schedule is full, but unless you want to deal with a waistline(腰围) that keeps increasing in size, staying active is important. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} 

Workday

    You might not have time to escape the office and visit the gym during your lunch break, but that doesn't mean you can't burn calories throughout your workday. Instead of driving to work or riding the bus, walk or cycle, depending on how far you live from the office. A 30-minute bike ride at just 12 to 13.9 mph will help a 155-pound person burn 298 calories. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Instead of phoning a colleague across the office, walk over to speak in person.

At home

    You probably want to sit or sleep on the couch, but by keeping active around the house, you can burn a significant number of calories throughout the day. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Playing with your kids for 30 minutes will help you burn 186 calories if you weigh 155 pounds, while you'll burn 167 calories in a half-hour house-cleaning session.

Outdoors

     {#blank#}4{#/blank#} If you weigh 155 pounds, expect to burn 172 calories for every half hour you spend weeding the garden. You'll burn 205 calories in 30 minutes of pushing your lawnmower(割草机) around the yard. When winter arrives, cleaning snow is worth 223 calories per 30 minutes.

Other

    Everyday errands(差事) can help you burn extra calories when you can't find time to work out. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Washing your car by hand will burn 167 calories in 30 minutes. By parking your car at the far end of the parking lot, you'll burn more calories getting to and from your vehicle.

A. You can make adjustments to your lifestyle to include a variety of calorie-burning activities into everyday life.

B. Pushing a shopping cart around the supermarket causes 130 calories burned in a

half hour.

C. Instead of paying to clean up the yard, do it yourself.

D. At work, take the stairs instead of the lift.

E. Don't visit a car wash to shine up your ride.

F. If you have a family, play with your kids.

G. You have to find the time to work out.

    A research project jointly carried out by scientists from several British universities and institutes has drawn people's attention to the toothbrush again.

    Researchers have found that your toothbrush is home to more than 100 million bacteria. But there are hundreds of microorganisms in the mouths and your toothbrush probably won't make you sick unless there is an unhealthy balance of bacteria. Our immune system can usually take care of bacterial invaders. However, if others use your toothbrush, or you use someone else's, bacteria can be spread.

    They have also found the toothbrush holders are the third-most dirty household items (behind dish sponges and kitchen sinks), thus advocating cleaning the toothbrush holder regularly.

    The storage of your toothbrush in your bathroom is also important. Here are some storage tips from the researchers to keep your toothbrush as healthy as possible:

    Put your toothbrush as far away as possible from the toilet flushing.

    Let your toothbrush dry thoroughly between brushings.

    Don't use toothbrush covers, which can create a perfect breeding ground for bacteria.

    Keep your toothbrush upright in a holder rather than lying down.

    Keep toothbrushes separate. If toothbrushes touch, they can exchange and spread bacteria.

    There are products available that claim to sanitize（消毒）your toothbrush. While some of these products do kill some bacteria, there is no evidence that using them will reduce your risk of illness, according to the researchers.

    They recommend replacing your toothbrush every three to four months or more often if you are sick or if you have a weakened immune system. Children's toothbrushes may need to be replaced more often than adult brushes.

    Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

    Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

    Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

    Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

    Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的)spirit in their work.

    Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标)that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

Making the decision to invest in healthy lifestyle changes is more than just flipping a switch. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Psychologists have found that it takes an average of 66 days for a new habit to become automatic, but the truth is that building and maintaining lifestyle changes is highly dependent on each individual. However, there are some easy strategies that can help you develop a lifestyle change plan that works for you.

Focus on the whole picture. Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle. There are many pieces that must be added up to the whole picture. Building habits in only one area of the puzzle will leave your overall picture lacking dimension. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan.

Set realistic and achievable goals. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Focus on setting goals that are realistic. Instead of expecting to run a marathon in six months, shoot for running a 5-kilometer race and then work up to the marathon. Setting realistic goals that you can achieve and then building on them will help you maintain momentum（动力） and stay motivated.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Building habits takes time. Be patient with yourself and understand that the fastest way forward isn't always the smartest way forward. The goal in creating lifestyle changes isn't to get to the finish line as quickly as possible. The goal is to build habits that are sustainable in your everyday life. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}