题型:阅读选择 题类: 难易度:困难
浙江省宁波市江北区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷
①Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person.
②Extrinsic (外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward.
③There are many advantages of intrinsic motivation. Firstly, it's lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction.
④Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal (内部的) wish to complete it. That's when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too-many external (外部的) rewards can reduce (减少) intrinsic motivation. For example, in a study, children were playing with the toys they liked. When they were externally rewarded for their behavior, they became less interested in the toys.
⑤Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation.
⑥Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning.
drive for usually classroom cost or introduce Europe thousand rules |
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light? Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven faster than the speed limit (限制)? The answers are probably "yes". Every year {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of drivers become "offenders" (违法者)—they break the rules of the road. But what are punishments {#blank#}2{#/blank#} this offence?
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), {#blank#}3{#/blank#} $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some {#blank#}4{#/blank#} countries offenders also get points on their driving license (驾照). After they get a certain number of points, they can't {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.
Life is difficult when you can't drive. So far some states in the USA have {#blank#}6{#/blank#} a new way to avoid this——Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license {#blank#}7{#/blank#} they can do a course at Traffic School.
Traffic Schools run "driver improvement courses". They {#blank#}8{#/blank#} about $100 and take from four to twelve hours. Most people do the course in a {#blank#}9{#/blank#}, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} of the road and they learn how to be better drivers. They don't have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
试题篮