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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷

 阅读理解

Within the cinematic universe of "The Martian," Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere.

Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain.

Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, "there has not been a single instance of identical responses," he remarked.

Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth.

One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, "You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources."

Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. "Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence?" posed Joyner.

Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet.

"I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars," Allen declared. "I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues."

(1)、In the case study, students have to ____.
A、watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars B、decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers C、design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose D、understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools
(2)、The underlined word "proposal" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ____ .
A、exploration B、recommendation C、adventure D、movement
(3)、Michael Allen thinks that the case study ____ .
A、increases students' knowledge about farming B、helps student know more about Mars C、develops students' skills of solving problems D、teaches students how to make proper choices
(4)、The passage is mainly intended ____.
A、to describe a research on how to farm on Mars B、to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars C、to teach us how to survive on Mars alone D、to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

     Here are two places that you may want to pay a visit to.

Sark, Channel Islands

     This is one of the few places in the world where tradition still stands and the traditional ways are fully respected. The roads here remain not cemented (铺水泥), and they are completely dark at night as there are no street lights. The citizens of Sark are not allowed to drive cars, and if they do, they have to keep them outside Sark. The transportation you can use in Sark includes your legs, bicycles or a horse-drawn carriage. There are no motor vehicles here.

      There are many activities you can enjoy here during the day, but when the night comes, the only thing you can do outside is look at the sky, which is really great. Because of the lack of artificial lights, the stars are seen very clearly.

Hyderabad, India

This southeastern city of India was the city where one of the wealthiest people in the world lived, Mir Osman Ali Khan. Now this city is the place where many global IT brands hold their head offices. But it hasn't lost its historic looks, as it remains surrounded by ancient stones, and the modern houses recently built are surrounded by traditional gardens and lakes. From the great hotel Taj Falaknuma Palace you can see the Old City where the old Indian tradition is well preserved.

     The best time to travel to Hyderabad depends on whether you are going for the city itself, or you wish to go to some of the festivals that take place here. The Hyderabad Literary Festival takes place from the 23rd to the 26th of January, while a festival celebrating various cultures, the Deccan Festival, happens from February 25 to March 1.

阅读理解

    Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

    It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.

阅读理解

    When we talk about famous UK writer Agatha Christie, it seems that her famous detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple are must-reads. So, of course, are her best-selling novels Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile (1937).

But when the readers around the world were asked to name their favorite Christie novel to mark her 125th birthday on Sept 15, And Then There Were None (1939) topped the list, reported The Guardian.

    It may surprise you to learn that it is a crime novel without a detective. What it does have is suspense (n.悬念) and a very sinister (adj.邪恶的) atmosphere. It is “on a knife edge”, as Mathew Prichard, Christie's grandson, told the newspaper.

    Ten people get an invitation to come to a house on a small island near Devon in South West England. Nobody refuses these invitations since each one promises something the person wants: a job, a holiday, a chance to meet up again with an old friend.

    These people are all responsible for deaths. Some are directly responsible, others are responsible because of what they did not do. Anthony James Marston, for instance, killed two children while driving dangerously. He did not feel guilty and actually complained when he was banned from driving. Another, Emily Caroline Brent, is a harsh person who threw out a young servant for becoming pregnant while unmarried. The servant later killed herself.

    When they arrive at the house they are played a recording. The voice gives details of the wrongdoing of each of the guests. Starting with Marston, each is killed in a way that fits their crime. The series of deaths is completed with a hanging, “and then there were none”, as the title suggests.

    Christie can be quite a predictable writer. Some of her stories are a little unoriginal. But this book is full of clever writing. Look it up to find out what this hugely successful mystery writer, the “Queen of Crime” as she was called, could do at her best.

阅读理解

    Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.

    However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, researchers say, running in cold weather helps improve one's performance.

    Many people say running in the winter can be difficult. Two reasons are the low temperatures and bitter winds. Yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather.

    That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate and the body's dehydration (脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.

    This information comes from sports scientists at St. Mary's University in London. John Brewer is a professor of applied sport science at St. Mary's.

    For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an “environmental chamber.” The researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. The test subjects were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions. Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.

    “We've got a group of subjects into the environmental chamber, we've changed the conditions to replicate the summer or winter and we've got them to run a 10km under both of those conditions and taken various measurements on each runner while they've been completing their 10km.”

    Brewer says every movement runners make produces heat. He explains that one way in which we lose heat is by sweating. The body loses heat through droplets of sweat. He says the body also loses heat by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin.

阅读理解

    Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase "calm before the storm", often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say.

    A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.

    As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour (水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.

    This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out(被挤出) at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.

    Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!

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