Vienna is a beautiful old city on the River Danube in the center of Europe. It's the capital city of Austria and the center of European classical music. In the 18th century a lot of musicians came to study and work in Vienna.

    In the Strauss family, there were two composers called Johann Strauss: the father and the son. The father, Johann Strauss the elder, wrote and played music for traditional dances, called the waltz. His dance music made him famous all over Europe. The son, Johann Strauss the younger, was also very successful and popular. He wrote over 150 waltzes. In 1867 he wrote The Blue Danube waltz.

    Mozart was another very important composer. He was born in Austria in 1756. Before he was six, he played not only the piano but also the violin. His family took him around Europe and he gave concerts in many cities. He wrote hundreds of wonderful pieces of music. But he became very poor and died in 1791 when he was only 35. Like Johann Strauss, father and son, he was a great European musician, and many people still think his music is perfect.

Nowadays, "toilet revolution" is a thing in China.China isinvesting seven billion yuan in the project.The money is spent building or upgrading(改进) toilets in 30,000villages.

Experts have agreed that a "toilet revolution" is very important.Bettertoilets mean healthier lives and better living standards.Better toilets can alsohelp encourage tourism and improve the economy.

"Toilet revolution" was started in 2015.Chinese president Xi Jinpingthen called for improvement to toilets across China.The government has investedmore than 1.6 billion yuan in the project since then.Nearly 70,000 toilets havebeen built or upgraded.By the end of 2017, 45 percent of rural residents (居民) had been usingstandard toilets.In 2013, that number was only 36 percent.

In cities popular with tourists, more expensive toilets have been built.Thesetoilets have ATMs, Wi­Fi and recharging (充电) stations for mobile phones.Some toilets, meanwhile, havebeen expanded (扩大). Now, they have special cubicles (隔间) for the disabled and adults with young children.

China, in fact, is not alone in focusing on toilets.According to Bill Gates'foundation, forty percent of the world's population doesn't have flush toilets.UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会) says atleast 1.2 million young children die of diarrhea each year.Contact with human wasteis the main cause.Gates says toilets of the future will be able to save 800 livesevery day.

How do you feel when a teacher says it's time for a test? Do you get worried about it? Look at the next test skills （技巧）!

☆Go to class on time and do your homework carefully.

In this way, you will learn the lessons, such as Chinese, English, maths, and so on. You won't have so many worries.

☆Relax and go to bed on time.

After you finish your lessons in the afternoon, you need to relax in the evening and sleep well at night.

☆Get ready well.

You may take paper, a pen, pencils, an eraser, a watch, and books or a dictionary with you.

☆Read the questions carefully.

You must read the questions carefully before you answer them, or you will make mistakes.

☆Breathe （呼吸） deeply.

When you feel worried, put your pencil down on the table, close your eyes, breathe deeply and count numbers to 10. In this way, you will feel relaxed and you can do well in the test.

作文要求： 语句连贯，词数80个左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇: confident自信的

Since I entered middle school, I've become more independent both in study and in life. I'd like to share how I've changed. 

Shanghai is a very large city. How do so many people go to work or school? Now, let's know 1 about its transport(交通).

In Shanghai you can travel around the city by underground, by bus, by taxi and by car. The underground 2 the city at different points and goes to all parts of the city. Travelling by underground is 3 way to get around the city. The 4 way to travel around the city is by bus. It's a slow way to travel. You can also travel around the city by taxi. It is 5 than taking a underground or a bus, but the taxi will take you to the very place you want to go to. 6 the taxi will be slow if the traffic is heavy. The last way to get around Shanghai is using 7 own car. However, it's not easy 8 you to drive, especially when you are driving in the rush hour( 高峰期). If there is 9 accident on the road, you will have to wait for a long time.

The best time 10 around the city is from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.. Traffic will be less crowded because most people are already at school or at work.

Your teacher asks you to collect your classmates' opinions about their favorite school lunches. After asking everyone, you have collected a lot of data(数据) or information and aren't sure how to organize it. Creating a graph (图表) can be a great way to organize and share your data.

Graphs show data in a direct way that is easy to read and understand. There are many different kinds of graphs. Different graphs are better for different kinds of data. Read on to find out about the types of graphs in math, as well as the key parts of a graph.

Bar chart

A bar chart has a horizontal axis (横轴) and a vertical axis(竖轴). It has a title that explains what it shows, and different bars are used to show different amounts. There's a number line along the vertical axis and labels(标签) along the horizontal axis, labeling the data.

Pie chart

A pie chart helps organize and show data as a percentage of a whole. True to the name, it looks a bit like a pie and uses a circle to show the whole. Pieces of that circle, or "pie", stand for the different things. The different pieces of the pie are different sizes depending on how much of the whole pie they show. Each piece is labeled to show what it means.

Line graph

Line graphs are used to show changes to numbers over time. They show what we call continuous data. The vertical axis explains the data being shown. We mark data on a line graph. The different data points are then joined up with straight lines, so we can look at the trend(趋势) it shows.

Flow chart

A flow chart shows the different steps in something using boxes and arrows(箭头). It can often have many different directions and different paths you can take using the information it asks for. Flow charts can be great for explaining a huge process by breaking it down into different steps.