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江苏省盐城中学2018届高三上册英语第一次阶段性考试试卷

任务型阅读

    It is now mandatory(强制) for drivers or passengers to wear seatbelts while in a car in all states. In addition, it is also mandatory for kids of be in some kind of specialized car seat. Given the strict requirements in other vehicles, why don't buses have seatbelts?

    The main answer, at least for school buses, is that seatbelts do not make school buses safer. Overall, traveling on school buses is the safest way to travel—40 times safer than riding in a car—with only a handful of deaths occurring to passengers on school buses every year. The seats on the school bus are placed very close to each other and have high backs that are thickly padded. As a result, in an accident the students would be propelled forward a very short distance into a padded seatback that in a way is like an airbag. In addition, the fact that people sit high off the ground on school buses also makes it safer to travel on them.

    While school buses feature high backed seats and elevated seating locations, the same cannot be said of city buses. However, from a practical angle, there's little need to require seatbelts on city buses. Although the design of the modern low—floor city bus is less safe than the design of school buses, the fact that city buses rarely travel at speeds greater than 35 miles per hour means that any collision is likely to be small, Also, given that most trips on city buses are short and that many trips have standing passengers, the presence of seatbelts will make even less of a difference.

    Another answer why buses do not have seatbelts is cost. It is estimated that adding seatbelts to buses would add between $8,000 and $15,000 to the cost of each bus. In addition, seatbelts would take up room currently used as seats, meaning that each bus would have fewer seating places. The additional room in the bus taken up by seatbelts would mean that bus fleets would have to increase by as much as 15% just to carry the same number of people. Such an increase would be especially difficult in cities that experience overcrowding on their vehicles.

    Regardless of whether their passengers have seatbelts, all buses provide seatbelts for drivers and most bus companies make their drivers wear seatbelts in order not to be influenced by a collision.

Why don't buses have seatbelts?

Topic

Everyone is to wear their seatbelts in a car while no seatbelts are provided for passengers on buses.

School buses:

●Seatbelts make no.in improving the safety of the school bus.

●Traveling on school buses is safe thanks to their seats with high padded backs, which canthe students from danger because they are propelled forward into them in a collision.

●Sitting high off the ground on school buses also to the safety

City buses:

●Their low traveling speed reduces the risk of a collision

●City buses tend to travel a short

●Many passengers stand while on a city bus, making seatbelts

●Fixing seatbelts on buses can in an increase in cost.

●Seatbelts can also limit the number of seating places by room on a bus.

●As a result, an increasing number of bus fleets are required to carry the same number of people.

A rule

All buses provide seatbelts for drivers, who should wear seatbelts to the impact of a collision.

举一反三
任务型阅读
    What is eco-fashion?Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry. It is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion —‘ecological' and ‘ethical'. Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them;ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.
    What are the problems with fashion? A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides;sheep-farming and wool­cleaning contribute to global warming;synthetics-making (人造纤维生产) brings about waste which does harm to our environment. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.
    Then, how to solve the problems? Other industries that design products are ahead of the fashion industry when it comes to choosing sustainable materials, designing for minimum waste, choosing energy efficient manufacturing and creating products for longevity. The fashion industry has been slow to adopt these changes and part of the problem is the very nature of fashion. To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers,to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand,as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.
    There is some concern that eco friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.
Why choose eco-fashion?
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} of fashionEcologicalTextile & clothing production processes; Issues related to {#blank#}2{#/blank#}
EthicalWorking {#blank#}3{#/blank#} involved
Problems with fashionTextile {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Cotton-planting: use of pesticides;
Sheep-farming & wool-cleaning: global warming;
Synthetics-making: {#blank#}5{#/blank#} waste
Clothing productionProducing a lot of waste;
Using harmful chemicals;
{#blank#}6{#/blank#} a great deal of energy
Consumption levels & shopping habitsNew clothes: bought in increasing quantities
Old clothes: {#blank#}7{#/blank#} away quickly
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} to problemsFashion producersWays to recycle and {#blank#}9{#/blank#}waste:
Switching to green energy;
Reducing energy use;
Selecting sustainable materials;
Choosing local suppliers
{#blank#}10{#/blank#}Selecting environmentally friendly clothing
Reducing clothing consumption
Choosing eco-fashion can contribute to our personal health.
阅读理解

    Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.

    A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).

    In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.

    In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.

    The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.

    Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种) known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.

    It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!

任务型阅读
    Developing good study habits isn't easy.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} In this way, you'll become more and more successful as a student.
    Start by allowing no interruptions{#blank#}2{#/blank#}You have to give 100 percent of your attention to your work. Don't allow yourself to be distracted by friends or fellow students. Keep your goal in mind; know what you have to do and when it needs to be done. Don't let other people influence you into not doing your work.
    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}If you study best in the morning, plan to do your hardest subjects first. Remember not to leave today's work till tomorrow. A delay like this is called procrastination. If you delay for any reason, you'll find it more and more difficult to get things done when you need to. You may rush to make up the time you wasted getting started, resulting in careless and error-filled work.
Another good way to study is to take part in partnered and group-study sessions. These allow students to share ideas, and help each other deal with difficult material{#blank#}4{#/blank#}
    Forming good study habits can be difficult at first, and requires energy and a strong will, But if you commit yourself to it, success will be yours{#blank#}5{#/blank#}By doing so, you will know that you have tried. If you are satisfied with what you've done and know that you have tried your best, your grade will be the icing on the cake.
A. Always give your best in the classroom and in study sessions.
B. It's impossible to study while chatting or watching TV.
C. Figure out when you're most productive.
D. You may do well enough but maybe you can hardly achieve your goal easily.
E. Putting off your task for any reason can make it difficult to finish on time.
F. But start with a plan, put in a lot of hard work, and studying will become easier.
G. In addition, learning among students is a good way of getting a firmer grasp of the material.
任务型阅读

    Most of us lead a busy life.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}We think, “If I reached my goal, then I would be happy”, or “If I could get a better job, then I would enjoy life.” But why not enjoy life right now?

    Firstly, take time to notice and appreciate the beauty in your own surroundings.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} “There is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us!” And as Brodersen explains, “Look for the beauty of the sunrise and of a friend's smile that brightens your day. Open your eyes to see the beauty you might not normally see. Doing so helps to cheer you up.”

    Secondly, taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart and ease your stress. Take me for example.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}One universal simple pleasure is finding things that make you laugh. Make time to laugh every day.

    Thirdly, don't take your family and friends for granted. Rich, rewarding relationships add greatly to the enjoyment of life. When you think of someone, why not call, e-mail or write them?{#blank#}4{#/blank#}As Wayne Lawton explains, “Invest time in relationships. Remove the attitude, what's in it for me? Happiness is found in putting other's interests, desires and concerns ahead of our own whenever possible. Selfishness is a dead-end street.”{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. Be aware of beauty in nature.

B. So please treasure relationship.

C. You don't need to travel far to find beauty.

D. Driven by the “urgent”, we forget to enjoy life.

E. In my spare time, I enjoy collecting stamps and reading novels.

F. A short e-mail or phone call can make a world of difference to someone.

G. I delight in simple things like my favorite tea drink, a bubble bath or family photos.

阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

Study in Canada

    Why Canada?

    Canadians place a premium(保险) on education and demand first-rate schools. Canada is among the top three countries in the Organization for Economic. International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.

    Ranked as #1 in the World

    For the past several years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live in. Conducted every year, the survey evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.

    Canadian Education is Competitively Priced

    Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country

    More than 800000 Canadians trace their roots back to India!

    High Standard of Living

    Canadians enjoy a standard of living among the highest in the world. More than 65 per cent of Canadians own their own homes, with a higher percentage owning durable goods. Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.

    The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas.

    Welcoming & Beautiful Environment

    All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. Canadian cities provide numerous parks, gardens and beaches for public use, as well as excellent sports and recreation facilities. Canadians place a high value on their natural environment.

    Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. Canadian crime rates have been falling steadily since the 1990s. In 1997, Canada's police-reported crime rate decreased for the sixth year in a row, falling by five per cent. Violent crimes declined for the fifth year in a row in 1997 and Canada's homicide (杀人) rate now accounts for less than one percent of all reported violent incidents. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.

    Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants(居民) live in Québec(魁北克), which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout  the country.

    Internationally, it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. Canada offers superior English as a Second Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to learn either or both languages.

Study in Canada

Why Canada?

International student's {#blank#}1{#/blank#} from Canadian universities enjoy a higher employment rate.

Ranked as #1 in the World

In Canada education is accessible, people live longer, and crime and violence {#blank#}2{#/blank#} happen.

Canadian Education is Competitively Priced

Other English speaking countries ask for a much {#blank#}3{#/blank#} tuition fee than Canada.

High Standard of Living

Broadcasting system in Canada is famous, advanced and serves {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Purposes.

Few of Canadian people would like to live in {#blank#}5{#/blank#} areas.

Welcoming & Beautiful

{#blank#}6{#/blank#}

It is really {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to live in major urban centers.

Canada is a {#blank#}8{#/blank#} place to study in. Canada's homicide rate is low because Canadians are {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to have firearms.

Canada has two official languages. {#blank#}10{#/blank#} 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French.

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