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题型:阅读表达 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

牛津译林版高中英语高三上册模块11 unit 4 the next step 同步练习

阅读理解

    My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class. I'd finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器). Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.

    I couldn't want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone's mind...”

    Five months later, my mon received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.

    On August 5,2012, at 10:31 p.m, the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.

    Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.She'd tell me stories and point out the stars,Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there, yet there was so much I didn't know about them.That's what I love so much about space.

    People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares.My answer is simple because we're curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what's over the hill and beyond the horizon.

(1)、How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)

(2)、Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)

(3)、What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)

(4)、What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)

(5)、In your opinion, why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)

举一反三
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7trn over the next 20 years.

    Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace.

    Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges(工牌)with employees' calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork .Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.

    Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.

    Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms(算法), if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss.

    Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance(监控)may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.

    As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymized where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated(整合)form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.

    The march of Al into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.

AI Spy

Passage outline

Supporting details

Introduction

While its future in business is full of {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, AI affects the workplace negatively.

Advantages of AI

·AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employees' working efficiency and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} their behavior.

·AI can {#blank#}3{#/blank#} employees' safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves.

·AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better {#blank#}4{#/blank#} of promotion and pay rise.

Potential drawbacks of AI

·Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers.

·Poorer applicants and older staff are at a {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

·Employees' privacy is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in the age of AI.

Principles{#blank#}7{#/blank#} AI's spread

·Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used.

{#blank#}8{#/blank#} employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results.

{#blank#}9{#/blank#} employees to access data for their own sake.

Summary

Only when employees and employers are {#blank#}10{#/blank#} to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive.

请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

    China is expected to see a record high number of college graduates in 2018 as around 8.2 million students will obtain their degree this year, according to the latest statistics from Ministry of Education. The number of college graduates in China has been rising since 2001, which leads to a more competitive employment market.

    However, besides fierce competition, many graduates admit that they face another big problem-employment discrimination. A research in 2017 shows that around 75.7 percent of new graduates said they were, to some extent, discriminated or suffered from injustice when finding jobs.

    Female college graduates still face great wall of discrimination in the employment market. “Males only”, “Married with children preferred”: These are some of the conditions commonly found in recruitment (招募) advertisements. According to a research by Renmin University of China in 2015, male college graduates do have more interview opportunities than female college graduates despite the similar academic background and work experience.

    Regional discrimination also becomes a barrier for job seekers. Some companies dismiss job seekers from specific regions due to the regional stereotypes (成见), like “Central China's Henan Province is the cradle of liars” and “people from Northeast region are usually rude.”

    Recruitment advertisements sometimes also show favor for local applicants. Non-locals had been denied jobs because their registered residence origin was not the same as the city where they were hunting for a job.

    Apart from “invisible thresholds (门槛)” like gender and region, college graduates in recent years were disappointed to find that personal details like superstitions (迷信) about blood type, zodiac, and facial structure were all part of the decision-making process by some potential employers.

    An applicant's surname can also help or hamper (妨碍) job prospects. A family name that suggests prosperity, like Jin, which means “gold”; while a last name like Pei, which can mean “to lose money”, would likely be negative. Besides, job seekers also found that some employers paid much attention to their appearance rather than the working performance.

    To fight against employment discrimination, both the government and society have made great efforts. In 2007, Employment Promotion Law was passed with the purpose of apposing employment discrimination and promoting justice in job recruitment.

    The Ministry of Education in 2017 issued regulations to ban work discrimination in on-campus job fairs. This year, several cities, bureau of human resources required job fair organizers to set special reception desks so as to deal with job seekers, complaints about discrimination.

    Non-profit organizations were established to oppose work discrimination, while legal aids were also provided to job seekers through social media platforms like Weibo and WeChat.

Employment Discrimination

Current{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

In addition to fierce competition, employment discrimination is another big problem {#blank#}2{#/blank#} many graduates.

Forms of employment discrimination

Gender discrimination:

Male college graduates are more {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to land a job than their female counterparts in spite of the similar educational qualifications and relevant job experience.

Regional discrimination:

• {#blank#}4{#/blank#}from specific regions like Central China's Henan Province and Northeast region are excluded from some companies.

• Local registered residence origin is a{#blank#}5{#/blank#} factor in finding a job.

Visible thresholds:

Greater {#blank#}6{#/blank#} is attached to personal details and appearance in {#blank#}7{#/blank#} with the working performance.

{#blank#}8{#/blank#} made to fight against employment

discrimination

• Passing laws to{#blank#}9{#/blank#} to work discrimination and promote justice in job recruitment;

• Issuing regulations to ban employment discrimination in on-campus job fairs;

• Setting special reception desks to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} job seekers' complaints;

• Establishing non-profit organizations to provide legal aids to job seekers through social media platforms.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章表格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

    Are you often upset about your failure in daily life? In fact everyone has gone through failure. In most cases you fail because of a lack of persistence(坚持不懈). Being persistent is a skill that can help you reach a dream more easily, get what you desire and even be a way in which you defend your idea or right before difficult people. Being persistent is a kind of quality most people who are successful have.

    Failure is often used as an excuse or reason not to go after a goal. Yet, getting over failure is a good way of being persistent. So to be persistent, you should accept that we all experience failure in life. The most successful people in life have ever failed. The difference between them and people who fail is that successful people face the failure, learn from it and use it fully and wisely to inspire their next attempt.

    You should keep on trying at the first sight of difficulty. Anything that is worth doing or achieving is sure to be difficult. Treat that as the challenge and as something that will test your courage, shape you for the better, and make you stronger and wiser. If at first you do not succeed, try it again and again.

    More importantly, you need to learn to give up where necessary. If the constant facts tell you that you should let go of an realistic goal despite your efforts, be wise about devoting your energies. Don't waste time and energy, for you have just learned what does not work and is not worth persisting with.

    In addition, it is also important to be persistent when refusing or demanding something. So you have to be persistent in what you say so that other people truly understand your meaning and know that you mean it. Whether it that will be remembered by others. Thus, when making your request or refusal, make eye contact with the person you are talking with, and this shows you are serious. Avoid saying sorry unless it is necessary because an apology usually is a sign of guilt, uncertainty or fear. Always state what you want to do or what you refuse to do clearly and exactly.

Passage outline

Supporting details

Positive influences of being persistent on our work or life

◆ People who are persistent are more likely to {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

◆ Being persistent helps {#blank#}2{#/blank#}up for yourself before difficult people.

Ways of being persistent by {#blank#}3{#/blank#}failure

◆ Admit that everyone will {#blank#}4{#/blank#}failure in life, including successful people.

◆ Make the {#blank#}5{#/blank#}of failure so that it can inspire you to advance towards your goal.

{#blank#}6{#/blank#}giving up when you come across difficulty for the first time.

◆ Don't waste time in doing something that is not worth doing.

Tips on being persistent in demanding or refusing something

◆ Stick to what you say to get your meaning {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to others.

◆ When you call for say no to something, look the person in the  {#blank#}8{#/blank#}.

◆ Don't {#blank#}9{#/blank#}for your demand or refusal, which means you are guilty.

◆ Make clear and {#blank#}10{#/blank#}statements about your demand or refusal.

认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

    Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear, and it can be nearly as powerful. We feel it when we either blame ourselves for things that turned out badly, or hope to get rid of the bad effects of a choice we made in the past. The effect regret has on our lives and how we deal with regret are equally important.

    In some cases, regret can be disastrous. In 1995, a British man who regularly played one set of lottery (彩票) numbers forgot to renew his ticket during the week that his numbers came up. He was so filled with regret and self-blame that he killed himself. While this is an extreme result of regret, it can have many other lesser effects on the mind and body that can still seriously affect our lives.

    According to recent research, women have more regrets about romantic relationships than men do—not surprising, since women "value social relationships more than men". In collectivist (集体的) culture where many aspects of life are arranged, people feel less regret, since many choices were made for them. There was an even split between regrets about inaction (not doing something) and action (do something you wish you didn't). The research found that some regrets are more likely than others to stay over time: people tend to hold on longer to the regret of inaction or the chances they have missed; meanwhile, regrets of action tend to be more recent.

    Held inside for too long, regret can affect people's physical health. If one fails to learn and grow from past mistakes, deep feeling of regret can stay locked inside, having a negative effect on his life. This can be harmful to relationships, careers, and many other aspects of life. Besides, too many regrets can lead to sadness, which may require doctors' help. Therefore, it is important that we understand what regret is and how we can learn to deal with it.

    To cope with regret, be aware that it is there for a reason. Our brain is telling us to take another look at our choices because they may be having negative results. Take "I can't believe I crashed my car. I'm so stupid." and turn it into "I'm so lucky I didn't die in the accident. How wonderful!" However, when the situation can't be changed, and there is nothing left for us to do, we have to let go of the situation and forgive ourselves.

    We have to see the mistakes we make as necessary lessons in life. If we can learn from them and make changes, we can turn our regrets into passive actions. We can use them to improve, guide, and shape our lives for the better.

The Taste of Regret

Concept of regret

    Regret is a{#blank#}1{#/blank#} emotion just as common as love and fear.

    It occurs when bad results turn up or a {#blank#}2{#/blank#} is wrongly made.

Factors that affect feelings of regret

    Compared with men  women are more {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to regret their romantic relationships.

    In the individualistic(个体的) culture a person feels {#blank#}4{#/blank#} regret than in the collectivist(集体的) culture.

    Regrets about inaction {#blank#}5{#/blank#} longer than those about action.

Effects of regret on lives

    Regret even {#blank#}6{#/blank#} a lottery buyer his life.

    Regret can stop a person from enjoying many aspects of his life.

    Besides the physical harm, regret can affect a person {#blank#}7{#/blank#}.

{#blank#}8{#/blank#} to handling regret

    Accept the fact that regret does {#blank#}9{#/blank#} in our life.

    Learn to turn disappointment into gratitude.

    Forgive ourselves for the things that are out of our {#blank#}10{#/blank#}.

    Try to learn from the mistakes and shape our life for the better.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The snow arrived earlier than predicted as I1 grocery bags into the Chevy's trunk and shut the hatch. Several feet of snow already covered our community, and this new2 was, of course, another cruel3 . "It'll probably be the disaster of this century, "I complained, thinking about the past few difficult years. Id4 the illness and the financial loss, but something else was5 me —the hopelessness that results from6 goals, 

Usually a positive person of7 , I had always viewed life as a series of problems to8 . 

Though I thought I'd handled the dilemmas well, I hadn't9 that the real me, the one whose passion for life had10 others, had burned out. In the past year, I had been faced with11 choices, and I'd made critical12 . Now I was afraid to trust my judgment and my future. 

When nighttime arrived, I decided to take a walk. Outside, my feet seemed to be13 in the endless white as I walked along snowy fields toward the forest. Somewhere along my journey, I realized I'd been crying. Pausing to catch my breath, I felt a moment's14 I'd traveled off the recognizable path from my home. Tired and defeated, I fell and15 against a very strong trunk,16 my head on my drawn-up knees17 . A deer stood only a few inches away, locking her stare on mine. A few minutes passed, she stepped closer and lowered her head to18 my pocket as if to be in search of food. I felt my pocket and offered an apple to her gently. 

"Mistakes can bring positive outcomes, after all. " Excited by my new19 , I moved ahead, growing tired but pressing onward. It's the20 and willingness to learn from the past and then press onward that can lead to a joyful future. 

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