题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
安徽省六安市第一中学2017-2018学年高二上学期英语开学考试试卷
It's 9 a.m.,the morning rush hour in Toronto.A man has fallen down on a downtown street suddenly.Several passers-by stop to help the man.One woman reaches into her purse for her cellphone and hits 911,the emergency number.
Within ten minutes,the stricken man is in the back of an ambulance and is sent to the hospital for life-saving treatment.
This scene is fairly common in Toronto and other major cities.Over the years,cities have developed systems to respond quickly to emergenciesBut none of this would be possible without the cooperation of car drivers who yield(让路)to emergency vehicles on busy downtown streets.In fact,it's against the law for drivers not to yield.
To yield means to give away or,more specifically,to get out of the wayAs yet,China doesn't have any specific laws that require drivers to yield,whether it is for slower cars to move over to the inside lane of a highway or for all cars to give way to emergency vehiclesDrivers did not yield when they heard the ambulance's siren.
In Canada,failing to yield to an ambulance vehicle can result in a fine of $400~$2,000 and reduction of three points off your license.That's for a first offense.
This punishment is severe because lives are in danger.
A.It has resulted in many lives being saved.
B.A second offense results in a bigger fine,the loss of your driver's license for two years and a possible jail sentence.
C.It saves lives and,who knows,someday it may save your own.
D.Three minutes later,sirens(警报)are heard in the distance as a police car,an ambulance and a fire truck race to the area.
E.It means pulling to the side of the road to let others pass.
F.Recently,an injured Beijing cyclist died on the way to hospital because the ambulance carrying him got stuck in city traffic.
G.Safe driving depends on driver's being aware of the traffic around them and yielding when necessary.
Today we eat on the go, at our desks and even in front of computers. We eat takeout, delivered and packaged meals, {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
“Over the past three decades, people have started eating out more than ever before and purchasing more prepared foods at the grocery store, which tend to contain more fat, salt and sugar than their home-made foods,” noted US healthy living website SparkPeople.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} It encourages us to value the time we spend preparing, sharing and consuming food, as a recent USA Today article put it. It all started in 1986 with the efforts of Slow Food's founding father, Italian activist Carlo Petrini, who wanted to bring back food varieties and flavors that had gone dark in the face of industrialization. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Now, his idea is almost the mainstream.
Starting at the table, the movement promotes an unhurried way of life founded on the idea that everyone has a right to cooking pleasure, and that everyone must also take responsibility to “protect the heritage (遗产) of food, tradition and culture that make this celebration of the senses possible”, wrote The Phnom Penh Post.
“{#blank#}4{#/blank#} It means turning down the speed at which we eat and increasing the amount of time we spend dining together with other people,” Althea Zanecosky, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, told The Huffington Post.“ {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Dinner table conversations keep families together,” noted the Belgian non-profit organization Greenfudge.
A. It is a way to bring back the social togetherness of yesterday. B. It seems that we have adapted our foods to our fast-paced lives. C. So, the Slow Food Movement has occurred against this fast-food trend. D. Slow Food doesn't necessarily mean food that takes a long time to cook. E. It is based on the idea that we should spend as much time as possible on cooking. F. It's not only the food itself but also the time we spend dining together that matters. G. At that time, he asked people to follow a more sustainable (可持续的) living model. |
Changes that will help you get more done than ever before
Win tomorrow today. All it takes is setting aside five minutes every evening before you end your work to establish the one goal you will accomplish tomorrow. Sometimes, the hardest part of getting things done is deciding which thing to work on first. If this decision making has to happen first thing in the morning, it can create a block to progress, which is no way to start your day. By giving yourself a head start the night before, you're allowing your most productive work hours-in the morning—to be used to the fullest by not having to wonder about on choose what you'll work on first.
Having a morning routine is one of the best things you've done for yourself. It not only helps you set your day up to be successful by gaining great power first in the morning, but it also allows you to guarantee that you are going to get a set number of things done right away. This way, no matter what your day brings, you should keep in mind that your health and nutrition are the most important. Your morning routine includes a workout, drinking water, meditation(冥想), and ensuring you get the nutrients you need to perform at a high level all day.
One of the common mistakes people make is to focus entirely on whatever task is next on their list and promise not to move or pause until it's done. Tasks will expand to the time assigned. Instead, try to be inspired from successful people and setting up timed periods for both focused work and breaks. Establishing sections where you have a set amount of focus time followed by a set amount of refresh time prevents you from being distracted(注意力不集中的)and helps you make great progress on the tasks and projects you're working on.
Being extremely future-focused and ambitious is great, but if you're always moving from one task to another, you could be missing out on a big growth opportunity. In order to learn what's working and what's not working, you need to spend time reflecting. Set aside some time at least every 10 days to reflect on the good, the bad, and everything in between. When you can identify what's working, you'll know what to double down on. You'll also be able to identify the things that are holding you back from getting where you want to go, and to think out solutions for those struggles in order to remove them in the future.
If you really want to get more done, you have to stop focusing on what you can't do, and start focusing on everything that's going right. Being grateful will not only increase your happiness factor, it will also make you more productive. When you have a positive attitude and take time out to recognize everything you have to be grateful for, you're able to focus on the many things you have accomplished, you're more likely to make progress and get more done.
“ Changes that will help you get more done than ever before | |
Plan in {#blank#}1{#/blank#} | Set aside five minutes every evening to establish the one goal you will accomplish tomorrow. It will block your progress if you decide what to do first and what to do next the next morning. It can make your time be{#blank#}2{#/blank#} used by giving yourself a head start the night before. |
Adjust your morning routine | It helps you set your day up for {#blank#}3{#/blank#} by gaining great power first in the morning. It also allows you to guarantee that you are going to get a set number of things done right away. No matter how you arrange your day, the most important thing is your health and {#blank#}4{#/blank#} |
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}work into sections | •Take {#blank#}6{#/blank#} from successful people and set up timed periods for both focused work and breaks. •Establishing sections helps you{#blank#}7{#/blank#} distractions and make great progress on the tasks and projects you're working on. |
Make time for 10-day recaps (重述要点) | •You need to allow {#blank#}8{#/blank#} time to learn what's working and what's not working. •Set aside some time at least every 10 days to reflect on things whether they are good or bad. |
Be thankful | •{#blank#}9{#/blank#} what you can't do and focus on what you can do. •Being grateful will make you feel {#blank#}10{#/blank#} and increase your productivity. |
Decoding the young brain
There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult. After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me?” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult felt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment,consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite.
The secret lies in the science of the developing brain. The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question. As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works. As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.
The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.
When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain. But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.
That is because when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult. This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens!”
To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive. It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.
Decoding the young brain |
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An experiment on a young child |
A young child answered the question {#blank#}1{#/blank#} the top of his head while an adult paused, and {#blank#}2{#/blank#}twice before he found an answer. |
Causes of the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} reflected in the experiment |
The developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer. ◆He was more likely to hurt or offend others {#blank#}4{#/blank#} he didn't intend to do so. ◆It's just the way his brain works and with him growing up, that changes. |
Billions of neurons {#blank#}5{#/blank#}up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning. ◆The neurons have to communicate with each other, helping us employ our senses and remember things. ◆A person may {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it. ◆A younger brain is more impulsive compared with an adult's. |
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A young child's having a natural {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain. ◆This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people act in an impulsive way. ◆Warned many times before, a young child will still try something {#blank#}8{#/blank#} or risky. |
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A conclusion drawn from the experiment |
An adult's ability to control his impulses is much {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and a young child is not {#blank#}10{#/blank#} being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers. |
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