题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省淮安市2018-2019学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷
Tips on how to save money
It's important for you teenagers to know how to save money. You know that the money you save can be for rainy days and be used to pay through your college education. If you think it's a difficult task and don't know how to do it, please do as the following.
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My dad always tells me that if one doesn't respect money, it will never respect you. Hence, it's important that you keep a record of your daily expenses. Make it a habit to write down all that you have spent. And when you find out the total expenses at the end of the month, you will realize what you have spent more money in doing. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}
Open a savings account.
Opening a savings account is a better way to save money. You can set a goal; say (for example), the money is for a new notebook or for college, and then save, until you have enough money to buy a notebook or until you go to college. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
Do not carry much cash.
Do you have the habit of not leaving a store without buying anything? The only way to stop that is carrying less money around with you. Go to the store with the minimum amount of money, which will not even help you buy a drink. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Save the changes.
Save the changes that you get back. If you have gone to a shop to buy something and get back some changes, then do not spend them. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}And you'll be surprised at the huge amount of money after days.
Follow these tips above, and thus you can save a lot of money. And surely, they'll help you to be more responsible in your life.
A. Keep a record of your daily expenses. B. After a few days, you'll get rid of this habit. C. Instead, you can save them in your piggy bank. D. By that time, you will realize the importance of saving money. E. Saving money builds your financial power and personal freedom. F. Next month, you will automatically try and save more in that part. G. Nowadays in the developed and developing countries, people are all working for the sake of earning money. |
Today we eat on the go, at our desks and even in front of computers. We eat takeout, delivered and packaged meals, {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
“Over the past three decades, people have started eating out more than ever before and purchasing more prepared foods at the grocery store, which tend to contain more fat, salt and sugar than their home-made foods,” noted US healthy living website SparkPeople.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} It encourages us to value the time we spend preparing, sharing and consuming food, as a recent USA Today article put it. It all started in 1986 with the efforts of Slow Food's founding father, Italian activist Carlo Petrini, who wanted to bring back food varieties and flavors that had gone dark in the face of industrialization. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Now, his idea is almost the mainstream.
Starting at the table, the movement promotes an unhurried way of life founded on the idea that everyone has a right to cooking pleasure, and that everyone must also take responsibility to “protect the heritage (遗产) of food, tradition and culture that make this celebration of the senses possible”, wrote The Phnom Penh Post.
“{#blank#}4{#/blank#} It means turning down the speed at which we eat and increasing the amount of time we spend dining together with other people,” Althea Zanecosky, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, told The Huffington Post.“ {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Dinner table conversations keep families together,” noted the Belgian non-profit organization Greenfudge.
A. It is a way to bring back the social togetherness of yesterday. B. It seems that we have adapted our foods to our fast-paced lives. C. So, the Slow Food Movement has occurred against this fast-food trend. D. Slow Food doesn't necessarily mean food that takes a long time to cook. E. It is based on the idea that we should spend as much time as possible on cooking. F. It's not only the food itself but also the time we spend dining together that matters. G. At that time, he asked people to follow a more sustainable (可持续的) living model. |
All company leaders will face major business decisions throughout their time as the heads of their organizations. Difficult decisions related to activities such as M&A, leadership changes, restructuring, and massive growth plans will directly impact the company's employees.
If you've already established trust with your workforce, you can significantly minimize potential negative impacts and make sure your employees will buy into your decisions, even if they don't necessarily agree with them. But earning their faith takes time. As a leader, you are trusted only to the degree that people believe in your ability, consistency, and commitment to deliver. The good news is that there do exist some strategies to help you earn confidence.
Instill trust through an employee engagement program
By encouraging consistent feedback and establishing an honest environment, employees will trust the direction and information you give them. Create a highly engaged culture by prioritizing real-time recognition, continuous feedback, and ongoing goal-setting.
Change and react with meaningful conversations. You've likely had to adjust your business plan in the middle of the year. Real-time, continuous communication helps you keep employees in the loop and adjust to expectations as your organization's needs change.
Giving timely feedback is the most effective way to communicate expectations. Not only that, but saving your big praise until the end of the year isn't just ineffective—it makes it more difficult to deliver.
Ongoing goal-setting can help people understand where their contributions fit within the organization and where they need to aim. Better yet, these can be transparent across the organization so everyone is held accountable for the outcomes and behaviors that drive your business and cultural success.
Gather and measure sentiment (情感) during times of change
Part of the difficulty in making tough business decisions is that leaders don't want to surprise or disappoint employees. Think about the last time you made a major company-wide announcement. Did you know if employees were happy? Were they shocked? Or even worse, did you have no insight into their reactions at all? If you regularly measure employee sentiment through real-time pulse surveys—especially during times of change—you can more accurately pinpoint reactions and cope with issues immediately. The results of these pulse surveys empower your leadership team to be more forthcoming, moving forward, earning the trust of employees and strengthening a transparent company culture.
If there is a strong link between employees and managers to the goals of the organization, the vision and values of the company will be embraced by all.
At the end of the day, the mindset shouldn't be about how you can make tough decisions easier, but how you can make those decisions in a way that won't negatively impact your employees or your organization's objectives. Create a cooperative feedback culture, and when the time comes to make difficult decisions, you know that with your team's insights in mind and trust in the leadership, the decision will be accepted willingly.
Earning employee's faith takes time | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction | ◆ Trust from workforce can minimize negative impacts of difficult decisions and ensure employees' {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of your decisions. ◆ Only when employees think you are capable, consistent, and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} will they believe in you. |
Strategies to {#blank#}3{#/blank#} on | {#blank#}4{#/blank#} employees in some programs. ◆ Timely and continuous communication is necessary because proper {#blank#}5{#/blank#} are likely to be made to your business plan. ◆ Real-time feedback is valuable in communicating expectations and the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in giving praise will make it harder to deliver. ◆ Ongoing goal-setting can make employees {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of where their aims are. |
Gather and measure sentiment during times of change. ◆ Regular measurement of employee sentiment can help you know how they react so that you can {#blank#}8{#/blank#} issues instantly. ◆ The vision and values of the company will be widely accepted if employees and managers are closely united in order to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} their common goal. | |
Conclusion | It is the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} impact of your decisions on the organization's objectives and the creation of a cooperative feedback culture that count. |
Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did.
These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
Some misleading ideas about creativity |
●Most of us are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} with the idea that we are either creative or we are not: there doesn't exist a middle ground in between. ●{#blank#}2{#/blank#} to popular belief, Pillay's suggestion is that you should believe you are someone else. |
Dumas and Dunbar's study |
●One group were asked to think of themselves as "eccentric poets", another "rigid librarians" and a third {#blank#}3{#/blank#} as the control group. The former two groups were required to come up with as many different uses as possible for each {#blank#}4{#/blank#} object. ●The level of students'{#blank#}5{#/blank#} is not always in direct proportion to the type of academic majors. ●Therefore, creativity is probably a product of context and perspective rather than something {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. |
Pillay's further study |
●The exercise of "psychological halloweenism" refers to the conscious action of being others by {#blank#}7{#/blank#} stimulating the default mode network. ●Pillay {#blank#}8{#/blank#} firmly to the idea of imaging you're someone else and advises us not to worry about how successful/unsuccessful we are. |
The {#blank#}9{#/blank#}significance of the exercise |
●We should start using it instead of stopping judging ourselves for our mental down time. ●We have every right to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} ourselves for being unfocused because it is not only human but also makes us more creative and productive. |
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