题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
湖南省衡阳八中2016-2017年高二上学期英语第四次月考试卷
While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.
These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations as a result of greater religiosity (笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less central to people's lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.
“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,” explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates (相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.”
Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a large-scale survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. In addition to answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: “Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning?” and “Is religion an important part of your daily life?”
The data revealed some unexpected trends: “Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,” says Oishi. “But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely different pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.”
When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries — all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a significantly lower sense of meaning in life.”
The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.
According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:
“Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole (连贯的整体) and a general structure to one's life … and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship,” the researchers write.
Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.
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ESL TEACHER NEEDED IN SHANGHAI
Date updated:Oct 6,2016
Employer:Longman schools, Shanghai
Company type: | Private | Industry type: | Education / Training / Universities and Colleges |
Work City: | Shanghai | Job Category: | English Teaching |
Salary City: | >13000RMB | No. Hiring: | Unspecified |
Work Experience: | 2 years | Job Type: | Full Time |
Qualifications
·A genuine interest in children, teaching, and professional development
·Open-minded, an adventurous spirit, and professional flexibility
·4-year bachelor's degree from an accredited university
·Native English speaker
·Passport issued by the USA, Canada, the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand
·Two years post bachelor degree teaching experience preferred
·Internationally recognized TEFL, CELTA, or TESOL certification
·Experience traveling internationally and / or working abroad preferred
Responsibilities
·Planning and delivering lessons to learners (ages 3.15)
·Using electronic media and courseware to teach English efficiently and effectively
·Evaluating student progress and providing ongoing guidance for improvement
·Participating in social activities with students organized by your school
·Maintaining regular office hours
Employment package
·Salaries:13,000rmb-16,000rmb per month (depending on experience)
·6,000 rmb sign on bonus (after probation — a time of training and testing when you start a new job)
·10,000rmb Accommodation Assistance Loan (overseas applicants only)
·2,000rmb relocation allowance (overseas applicants only)
·16 teaching hours and 10 office hours per week
·2 Day off per week
·Paid overtime for teaching
·Paid holiday & paid Chinese public holiday
·15-month Z working visa (foreign expert certificate)
·5000rmb flight allowance (paid upon contract completion)
·Comprehensive health Insurance & accident Insurance
·Accommodation assistant
·On-going professional teacher development and training program
·15 month contract (including 3 month's probation)
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