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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

四川省江油中学2019-2020学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题

任务型阅读

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.  We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. "You keep what matters," Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

举一反三
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    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Self-worth is very important in your life. We may love others, but we need to learn to love ourselves. We have to believe in what we do, and feel better about ourselves. If you do not have self-worth, you may begin to get discouraged.

    Avoid negative people in your life. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}If these people put you down, do not believe in you, or treat you badly, why are you still around them? It took me years to realize this for myself, and it is true. Negative people hurt your self-worth, and bring you down emotionally. Get closer to people that believe in you. If you do not have these positive people in your life, find a support group that can help you. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Your self-worth can be increased greatly with positive guide.

    Find employment or volunteer somewhere you feel valued, or can make a difference. Giving to others builds you up personally. You do not have to do this all the time, but once you see how good it feels you will want to continue.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Think about what you can do to change your future. Make a list of steps you can take to improve your life. Stall setting goals in your life. Goals give us something to focus on, and we push to achieve them. These can be whatever goals you would like to finish, be sure they are achievable Goals. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Doing the above steps can greatly increase your self-worth, and remember you are worth it.

A. Stop thinking about the past as you can't change it.

B. Keep the saying of "No pain, no gain" in mind.

C. Increase Your Self -Worth and Feel Better about Yourself.

D. Believe You can Be the King of the World Even When You Fail.

E. Once you set your goals, you will start pushing for more.

F. These people are likely to believe in us even when we do not have confidence.

G. This could be your husband, boyfriend, other family members, or even friends.

七选五

    Want to travel easily? Here are some tips that help you reduce the size of your luggage.

    Roll clothes instead of folding them. Many people try to fold their clothes into their little suitcase.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} It actually makes far more sense to roll your clothes rather than fold them. Starting from the bottom, roll up your clothes into very tightly packed cylinders (圆柱体) which you can stack (堆叠) on top of each other.

    Use vacuum bags (真空袋), when possible.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Buy some vacuum bags and seal all of your clothes up tightly. Having all of your luggage vacuum sealed will reduce the size of your items greatly. That will allow you to take more of what's needed.

    Always take travel bottles. Even though you are allowed to take full sized bottles in your suitcase, to make sure that you are under the weight allowance, it's recommended that you still stick to travel-sized bottles.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Besides, it will also prevent you from wasting any product. If you do run out of anything while you are on holiday, you can always buy more.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} If you do need to take a coat, you can wear it on the journey so you don't have to pack it in your suitcase. Another method you can use is wearing multiple layers (多层衣服) on the journey although this isn't always the most comfortable.

    Research the weather in advance. A great way to prevent packing clothes that you won't end up wearing is to research what the weather is going to be like where and when you go on holiday.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} You can know how hot it's likely going to be, as well as how much rain on average the destination receives each month.

A. It will free up enough room for you.

B. Don't put any shoes in your suitcase.

C. It will make your suitcase much lighter.

D. Purchase a high and soft-sided suitcase.

E. Wear anything that takes up a lot of room.

F. There are plenty of websites that can predict it.

G. This is not the best way to pack your holiday goods.

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    There are always a lot of pressures in life: appointments you are late for, health and financial worries and so on. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. Under such pressure, your child came in: He'd lost his sneakers, and suddenly remembered that he needed a new notebook for school, or he was teasing his little sister.

    In your peaceful moments, you could probably have handled any parenting challenge much better from a state of calm. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. How could this kid be so irresponsible, inconsiderate, ungrateful or even mean? So you scolded your child angrily. The whole process only took a few seconds.

    If your young child does not seem afraid of your anger, it shows that your child has seen too much of it and has developed defenses against it. The more often you get angry, the more prepared for it your child will be. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. In the end, your child is more likely to be open to the influences of his peer group. That means you have some repair work to do.

    Sometimes your child gets angry too, so it's a double gift for you to find constructive ways to deal with your anger: Not only do you not hurt your child, but you also offer your child a role model. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. So the best way is not to yell out. Stop and calm yourself down. Take a deep breath. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. If you really need to scream, go into your car with the windows rolled up and scream where no one can hear, but don't use words.

A. The list is endless

B. Anger is scary enough

C. That deep breath is your pause button

D. How you handle your anger teaches your child a lot

E. There are some parents who never get angry at their children

F. And the less likely your child will want to behave to please you

G. But in the storm of your anger  you might feel it was your right as parents to be angry

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How to Be a Good Tourist

    We travel not only for work but also for fun and learning. Restaurants, galleries, temples and architecture...These places are like homes for people who live and work there. How would you want visitors to behave in your own home? {#blank#}1{#/blank#} There are many ways of doing this without sacrificing our own holiday.

    Do your homework. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Guides will help you when you get to the site, but is that the best place to go? Is it popular only because the one-day tourist can see it easily or because it is really a worthwhile place to visit?You'd better check it out.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Walk around, even if in the streets closest to your hotel. Eat in local restaurants. Talk to the locals. Learn a few in the local language and use them. You will surely get a smile from the hotel staff and street sellers.

    Help preserve the sites. Most of the sites you visit may be visited by millions of people a year, so care needs to be taken to allow others to enjoy them as well. Some of these monuments are so old and fragile that they are sensitive to the touch of hands or bags and shows. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} This way, you don't encourage the use of those plastic bags that fly all over many sites.

    And here's the big one — good manners are nearly universal. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If that doesn't sound like you, then give the world a break and stay home.

A. Experience the place.

B. Always have a cloth bag with you.

C. Read about the places you want to visit.

D. Try to buy something from the local stores.

E. A good tourist is polite, positive and eco-sensitive.

F. We've cleaned up after ourselves and taken only good memories.

G. I think we would like them to make it a little better because of their visit.

任务型阅读

    Perhaps at one point in time, it is acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with "To Whom It May Concern". {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints (抱怨) made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.

Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} "In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net," notes  Grammarly. "Ask yourself 'Who does this e-mail concern?' If you can honestly answer 'Anyone', then feel free to use "To Whom It May Concern".(These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.)

    If you do happen to find that using "To Whom May Concern" is appropriate , don't make grammar mistakes, for example , letters or punctuation. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} .

A. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.

B. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.

C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.

D. It's also very impersonal, and some employers might not appreciate it.

E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.

F. However, it may be interesting.

G. Those times have changed, though.

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    Multitasking-doing several things at a time-was once applauded as the best way to work. But does it actually help you get things done, or does it make you less effective?

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}If you can actually do two or more things at one time, that clearly saves time.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}And it can fill time that would otherwise he spent poorly.

    However, a growing body of research shows that multitasking is not as productive as it appears. It turns out that when most people multitask, they don't actually focus on more than one thing at a time.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}But changing your focus constantly uses mental energy that could he spent working. It also causes you to take longer and make more mistakes. In addition, it creates stress. People who try to multitask often end up feeling more anxious and less peaceful than people who don't.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}A very small group of people-about two percent of the population-excel at multitasking. These people, called supertaskers, are able to work on several things at once without their performance suffering. But experts caution: supertaskers are very rare. The majority of people who think multitasking makes them more productive are fooling themselves.

    If you do want to multitask, productivity experts recommend doing it carefully.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. There are some exceptions to the no-multitasking vile.

B. Instead they switch back and forth between concentrating on two or more tasks.

C. Doing things one at a time usually helps people produce better work.

D. To some people, the advantages of multitasking seem obvious.

E. Multitasking actually works against the goal of getting things done.

F. It might also make you feel productive, which can in turn make you happy.

G. Pair a mentally challenging task with a physical task you don't have to think about.

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