The Father of JD Printing

    About twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls' bone structure was {#blank#}1{#/blank#} using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor {#blank#}3{#/blank#} 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.

    At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he {#blank#}5{#/blank#} a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it – and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is {#blank#}6{#/blank#}.

    After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, {#blank#}7{#/blank#} getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first {#blank#}8{#/blank#} product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.

    Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

    The Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery was preparing the wall text in 2014 to accompany an image of the boxer Mayweather Jr. During the process, the Washington museum decided to note that Mr. Mayweather had been“charged with domestic violence on several occasions,” receiving “punishments ranging from community service to jail time.”

    Such context is common for {#blank#}1{#/blank#} subjects in art, but far less so for artists themselves. Men like Picasso or Schiele were known for mistreating women, but their works hang in {#blank#}2{#/blank#} museums without any asterisks（星号）.

    Now, museums around the world are{#blank#}3{#/blank#} with the implications of a decision, by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} postpone a Chuck Close exhibition because of {#blank#}5{#/blank#} of sexual harassment（骚扰）involving potential portrait models that have involved the artist in controversy. Mr. Cloze has called the allegations “lies” and said he is “being severely criticized.”

    The {#blank#}6{#/blank#} has raised difficult questions about what to do with the paintings and photographs of Mr. close—held by museums like the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Tate in London and the Pompidou in Paris, as well as by high-spending collectors—and whether the work of other artists accused of questionable {#blank#}7{#/blank#} needs to be revisited.

    It is a provocative（引起争论的）moment for the art world, as the public debate about {#blank#}8{#/blank#} creative output from personal behavior moves from popular culture into the realm of major visual artists from different eras and the institutions that have long collected and exhibited their pieces.

“We're very used to having to defend people in the collection, but it's always been for the sitter” rather than the artist, said Kim Sajet, director of the Portrait Gallery, which has a large body of Mr. Close's work. “Now we have to think to ourselves, ‘Do we need to do that about Chuck Close?'”

    “You can't talk about portraiture in America without talking about Chuck Close,” she added. “There are lots of amazing artists who have been less than admirable people.”

    Whatever museums {#blank#}9{#/blank#} decide to do about Mr. Close, some say they can no longer afford to simply present art without {#blank#}10{#/blank#} the issues that surround the artist—that institutions must play a more active role in educating the public about the human beings behind the work.

What Is a Paragraph Break?

It is one of the most important punctuation marks. A paragraph break is an indentation (缩造) or a single line space{#blank#}1{#/blank#}the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text.

Generally, paragraph breaks serve to{#blank#}2{#/blank#}the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of dialogue.

Few readers would think of the paragraph break as a punctuation mark, but it certainly is. In ancient times there were no paragraphs. Sentences simply flowed into one another without{#blank#}3{#/blank#}.During medieval (中世纪) times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol and eventually became the modern-day paragraph break, which is{#blank#}4{#/blank#}now only by a line break or indentation.

Today, the paragraph break is used to give readers a break. The art of creating paragraphs is called paragraphing, the{#blank#}5{#/blank#}of dividing a text into paragraphs. Paragraphing is a kindness to your reader because it divides your thinking into manageable bites. Paragraphs that are too long{#blank#}6{#/blank#}readers with dense blocks of text to read through, while more frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient{#blank#}7{#/blank#}points at which to take a break and relaunch themselves into thinking.

To fully understand when to insert a paragraph break, it's helpful to know that a paragraph is a group of closely related sentences that develop a central idea. Therefore, each paragraph discusses one{#blank#}8{#/blank#}topic. Also, a paragraph break is cmploycd before each new topic is introduced. In this way, the writing will flow, and readers will be able to proceed through the writing in a logical fashion instead of{#blank#}9{#/blank#}all the way to get to the last line.

Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the development of the Internet, which gives readers access to literally millions of sources of information, paragraphs have become increasingly{#blank#}10{#/blank#}. The style for many websites, for example, uses paragraphs no more than two to three sentences.

The tale was set in London in 1903. The two brothers had been having a heated {#blank#}1{#/blank#} for a couple of days and had decided to make a {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to settle it. Henry, an American who was wandering on the street outside, hungry and penniless, drew their attention. He was invited to the two brothers' house. They felt happy about Henry's bad luck and then gave him an {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Henry was asked to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} opening it until two o'clock. He felt that was {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

The 75­-year-­old Joe lived very happily in a village and had a big warm family. His children {#blank#}1{#/blank#} and moved to different cities. Now he has four grandchildren, and they usually visit him during their holidays.

During one {#blank#}2{#/blank#}, Joe was preparing his home for the kids: cleaning the house and cooking their favorite foods. After he finished working, he realized his watch was {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. The watch was from his{#blank#}4{#/blank#} and he treasured it very much, so he was very upset. He looked for it but could not find it anywhere.