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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市东城区2019-2020学年高二下学期英语期末统一检测试卷

阅读理解

Come to build robots!

    Robots are fun to play with, but did you know that they are equally fun to build? Don't worry, it's easier than you may think. You don't have to know lots about electronics or be a genius at engineering to have a go at creating your own robot. There are lots of simple kits (配套原件) and resources available that make it easy to build a robot in your own home, and if you don't feel confident enough to have a go at home, there are plenty of clubs that offer courses in robot-building for young people.

    ◇Why to build?

    "Creating a robot teaches you in great about how it is put together and how it works, "says Steve Hubbard, of Robot Fun, which hosts robotics master classes for teens in Suffolk. "As you build and test a robot, you also learn how to fix it when things go wrong, as they always do." Building and programming a robot is a practical application of science and engineering and a great way of learning how to solve all sorts of problems. You don't need any special skills. If you can build with Lego or draw a line, you can build and program a robot.

    ◇How to start?

    Matthew Applegate runs the Creative Computing Club in Ipswich, Suffolk. He says, "The Lego Robots kits are amazing. You can use cardboard, glue sticks and string to make a prototype (雏形)." Some kits can be expensive but there are ways to build your robots using things around the house. You can build an arm with cardboard, straws and string, adding it to a low-cost kit.

    Building robots is really great. It isn't easy at first,but when you get better, you will be surprised how much you can do. Come to get your first robot kit and make it whirr into life!

ØFor details on how to build a Raspberry Pi buggy: tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy

ØFor details on how to join a robot club: tinyurl.com/TW J-members

ØFor more information on kits and classes: tinyurl.com/TW J-resources

ØFor more information on robots and their history: tinyurl.com/TW J-realrobots

(1)、What's essential to build a robot at home?
A、Good skills at electronics. B、Necessary parts to put together. C、Much knowledge on engineering. D、Rich experience in playing with robots.
(2)、If you want to know more about different robot kits, you can visit________.
A、tinyurl.com/TW J-robotbuggy B、tinyurl.com/TW J-realrobots C、tinyurl.com/TW J-resources D、tinyurl.com/TW J-members
(3)、What is the main purpose of the passage?
A、To encourage teens to learn to solve problems by building robots. B、To explain the advantages of building one's own robots. C、To analyse the need of teens to build their own robots. D、To advertise a method of building robots with fun.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed Wednesday that the socialist path China has followed is "correct," and it is the choice of the “history and people.”

    Citing(引用) the remarkable achievements China has made over the past 37 years when it initiated the reform and opening-up policy, Xi noted that it only took several decades for China to complete the journey the developed countries have gone through for centuries.

    “That fully shows that the Chinese people are following a correct path,” the president said while addressing a banquet hosted by Lord Mayor of the City of London Alan Yarrow on Wednesday evening.

    Meanwhile, he pledged that China will stay committed to a peaceful development path and does not accept the logic that a country will seek hegemony(霸权,领导权) once it gets strong.

    “No one and nothing — in any reason — can influence China's determination and will to pursue the path of peaceful development,” he said.

    In his speech, the president also explained in detail about the development of friendly relations between China and Britain, citing tea culture, literature, movies, TV dramas, football and cultural exchanges.

    He specifically referred to Shakespeare's influence on him by sharing the story of his youth time in the countryside, when he was deeply attracted by the master's works.

    “The China-Britain friendship has been deeply rooted in the hearts of our two peoples. And there is a solid foundation in public opinion and in society for the two countries to grow long-term relations,” he added.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

Assistant Professor, Musical Theatre Dance

    Wichita State University seeks to hire a full-time, 9-month, assistant professor, beginning August, 2016. Applicants are required to have a degree in dance, teaching experience at the professional or college level, ability to direct and ability to teach stage movement. Salary depends on qualifications and experience.

For complete information see http://finearts.wichita.edu.

Associate/Full Professor in Theatre and Dance

    The Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of California at San Diego (http://www-theatre.ucsd.edu/) is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design. Significant professional experience is required.

A review of applications will start on June 1, 2016. Application deadline: September 1, 2016.

Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts

    DeSales University's Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled, professional technical director. The position is a 10-month, staff position with the possibility for summer employment with the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. BA degree or equivalent professional experience is required; MFA is preferred.

    Please email materials to john.bell@desales.edu. Screening of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled.

Assistant Director of Media Resources Center

    Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant Director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division.

    Position qualifications include a degree in Art History or related field with knowledge of art and design history, library experience, excellent interpersonal and communication skills and familiarity with Photoshop and scanning.

    A review of applications will begin immediately. Applicants may email a letter of interest to jobs@mica.edu. Salary differs depending on your experience. Please include desired salary in your letter of interest.

Application

    Interested persons should electronically submit a cover letter highlighting their experience and qualifications, and names of three professional references with phone and email contact information using the Apply Now link above.

阅读理解

    One of America's best-known artist colonies, the MacDowell Colony, will turn 110 next year. It is a place where artists of all types can sweep away distractions (令人分心的事物) and just create.

    MacDowell's operations are funded by foundations, corporations and individuals. Writers, composers, photographers, filmmakers and sculptors — both famous and unknown —compete for the 32 free studios at the place. Once accepted, an artist can stay for as little as a couple of weeks, or as long as a couple of months.

    When they arrive, artists find a kind of isolation (隔绝) hard to find in our world. There's no phone. No fax. No friends. No family. It's just a cabin in the snowy woods.

    Writer Emily Raboteau lives in New York City. She came to MacDowell to work on a novel. She received a desk, chairs, pencil and paper — and ice grippers. The walk from one isolated, one-room studio to another is icy, so colony residents (居住的人) fasten the ice grippers to the bottom of their shoes.

    Another colony resident, Belfast composer Elaine Agnew, plays a piece called “To a Wild Rose,” written by Edward MacDowell. She says it's so famous that every pianist in the world has played the tune. A hundred years ago, Macdowell owned the land where the colony now sits. He liked its isolation and his ability to get work done there. After his death, his wife, Marion, encouraged other artists to come.

    And for the last century, artists have accepted the invitation, coming to step outside of their daily lives for a short time. Privacy is respected, but cooperation and discussion is common.

    Screenwriter Kit Carson — who wrote Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 and the film adaptation of Sam Shepherd's play Paris, Texas — has visited MacDowell twice. He says that the interdisciplinary (学科间的) discussion there is valuable.

    “You sit around at dinner, talking, and then somebody runs off and brings you back some stuff and shows it to you,” he says. “That, I didn't realize, was part of the magic here, because people are really open to showing their opinions here.”

阅读理解

    Actor Warwick Davis realized he was shorter than other people when he was eight years old.  He suddenly noticed all his schoolmates were twice his size. It was then that the effect of having dwarfism hit him for the first time.

    Now aged 48, Davis says, "I have very fond memories of school but I realized I had to become a little bit louder and funnier so I wouldn't get left out of conversations. I became quite the performer, so being short was my training in acting."

    It worked. Director George Lucas cast young Warwick as the Ewok Wicket in Return of the Jedi. The actor has gone on to star in many TV shows and films, including playing Professor Flitwick in the Harry Potter films.

    Warwick's dwarfism means he is 1.07 meters tall, while the average UK adult male height is 1.78 meters. Most types of dwarfism are caused by a genetic disorder that stops some of the body's building blocks working properly.

    Davis has a positive attitude to being "different". He says, "If I had my life all over again, I would choose the same job and be the same height. I have enjoyed every minute. At school I played rugby and football and tried long jump and high jump. I wasn't very good at them but I always had a go. I defeated everyone at chin-ups (引体向上) because I had a low body weight combined with a strong upper body from climbing up to the top cupboards to reach the biscuit boxes at home."

    Warwick is supporting Jeans for Genes Day, a charity raising public concern for millions of children born with genetic disorders in the U.K. He says, "Even if you can only give a tiny amount of money, it will make such a difference to the children."

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    When pups are between 2 and 3months old, their mothers will abandon them for any number of reasons. With no mother to watch out for them, infant (婴儿) mortality of pups under one year skyrockets (飞涨) to around 90%. So, only about 10% of motherless, homeless pups survive.

    Without mothers, how are these abandoned pups supposed to survive? For the study, researchers Clive Wynne at Arizona State, Nadine Chersini at Utecht University, and Nathan Hal at Texas Tech University brought in 51 college students and asked them to rate the attractiveness of headshots (头部特写) of puppies at different ages.

    The pups peaked at different ages, but they were all ranked likable between six to eight weeks, since newly abandoned pups are competing with each other for human heartstrings (怜悯), evolution says they should be most likable around 6 and 11 weeks. This is around the time they are weaned (断奶) and let go of by their mothers.

    There are a few characteristics that humans find particularly adorable across species: big, forward-facing eyes, floppy and unstable limbs (肢), and a soft, rounded body shape. We're also keen to scream when animals have large heads in comparison to their bodies, and this reaction goes back to evolution.

    Called kinderschema (婴儿萌), these qualities are also apparent in human babies and necessary for their survival. The characteristics activate the decision-making part of the brain to encourage you to protect and nurture the baby. At the same time, the brain's pleasure center releases dopamine (多巴胺). With these two reactions, your brain makes you want to protect the baby and rewards you for doing so. With your protection, the baby can survive.

阅读理解

Harry, the first camel to arrive in Australia in 1840, was an unlucky beast. He was imported from the Canary Islands by explorer John Horrocks. On an expedition (探险), Horrocks picked up his gun in order to shoot “a beautiful bird to be added to the collection.” Perhaps Harry was an ecologist —- he lurched (突然倾斜), and the gun discharged, shooting Horrocks in the face.

    Horrocks not surprisingly died of his injuries, and his treatments ordered Harry to be shot. The first importation of a camel into Australia came to naught.

    In 1860, 24 camels arrived in Australia to be part of an expedition by explorers Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills. It was an unlucky expedition. The pair made one mistake after another, and ended up eating most of their camels, before starving to death.

    Six years later, more than 100 camels and their Afghan minders, arrived in Australia. This time it succeeded and thousands more camels followed.

    Sir Thomas Elder set up the first camel studs (种畜场) in South Australia, while others were set up in Western Australia. This time the camels bred (繁殖) like wildfire. They were used for working, rather than exploring expeditions.

    The imported Afghan cameleers were just as hardy and vital, leading camel trains across the cruel interior (腹地) of Australia, where few dared to go. The camels carried heavy packs of wool and supplies and opened up the desert areas as none had managed to do before. The train that does this crossing today is called The Ghan, in their honor.

    Motorization put these camel trains out of business, and many camels were turned loose. The camels loved Australia, and multiplied in amazing numbers. What is to be done with them?

    Not surprisingly they have become quite a tourist attraction and you can take a camel ride in the desert as the Afghan cameleers once did. But the fact is that camels create quite a problem in areas where they have taken over, as they damage local vegetation, muscle out native animals competing for food, and create chaos when they wander into settled area.

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