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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

广西柳州市高级中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷(音频暂未更新)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    When pups are between 2 and 3months old, their mothers will abandon them for any number of reasons. With no mother to watch out for them, infant (婴儿) mortality of pups under one year skyrockets (飞涨) to around 90%. So, only about 10% of motherless, homeless pups survive.

    Without mothers, how are these abandoned pups supposed to survive? For the study, researchers Clive Wynne at Arizona State, Nadine Chersini at Utecht University, and Nathan Hal at Texas Tech University brought in 51 college students and asked them to rate the attractiveness of headshots (头部特写) of puppies at different ages.

    The pups peaked at different ages, but they were all ranked likable between six to eight weeks, since newly abandoned pups are competing with each other for human heartstrings (怜悯), evolution says they should be most likable around 6 and 11 weeks. This is around the time they are weaned (断奶) and let go of by their mothers.

    There are a few characteristics that humans find particularly adorable across species: big, forward-facing eyes, floppy and unstable limbs (肢), and a soft, rounded body shape. We're also keen to scream when animals have large heads in comparison to their bodies, and this reaction goes back to evolution.

    Called kinderschema (婴儿萌), these qualities are also apparent in human babies and necessary for their survival. The characteristics activate the decision-making part of the brain to encourage you to protect and nurture the baby. At the same time, the brain's pleasure center releases dopamine (多巴胺). With these two reactions, your brain makes you want to protect the baby and rewards you for doing so. With your protection, the baby can survive.

(1)、What does the underlined word "mortality" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A、Birth rate B、Injury C、Growth D、Death rate
(2)、Why are the pups between 6 and 11 weeks the cutest?
A、To get their mothers' love. B、To draw their mothers' attention. C、To get human's love and protection. D、To get food and milk.
(3)、What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A、Some characteristics of humans B、Comparison between animals and humans C、Some characteristics of being adorable D、Description of some species
(4)、What can be inferred about human babies from the last paragraph?
A、They can encourage you to make a decision. B、They have some qualities in common with pups. C、They can't survive without mothers' protection. D、They have similar brains as pups.
举一反三
阅读理解

    I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people kept asking me stories about what it's like to work in a field under the control of men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the existence of the universe, the shape of space time and the nature of black holes.

    At 19, when I began studying astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the problem started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed from the angle of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures.

    Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would finally become my reply to any and all provocations(挑衅): I don't talk about that any more. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender problems. Why should removing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.

    Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't take no notice of those concerns. Still, I don't tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the scene of their physics professor heavily pregnant (怀孕)doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.

阅读理解

    Every day, a homeowner in Pennsylvania is reminded of a mistake he made 13 years ago. At around 8 in the evening, his peaceful house comes alive with the noise of an alarm clock he dropped into the wall over ten years ago. It's been stuck in the wall ever since.

    13 years ago, Jerry Lynn wanted to make a hole through his living room wall, so he could pass the television cable (电缆)through it. He didn't want to destroy any pipes in the wall, so he came up with a good idea to make sure that he was drilling(钻孔) in an empty place. He took his alarm clock, tied it to a string(线) and set it to go off in 10 minutes. Then he lowered it into the wall, and waited for it to ring. His goal was to drill a hole in a safe place near the place where the ringing was coming from, making sure that there was nothing to pass through there. It all went smoothly until the alarm clock fell into the wall.

The man didn't get back the alarm clock, but thought it would probably run out of battery(电池)in several months, so he wasn't too worried about it. But 13 years later, the alarm clock still rings every day.

    As you can imagine, Jerry and his wife have gotten used to the ringing living room wall, but it can still surprise  guests. So Jerry decides to pull down that wall, just to stop that boring thing, though after putting up with it for 13 years, he think it will be a pity. He says, “I've never herd of a clock battery lasting that long and my friends think it may be interesting to see how long it will keep ringing for.”

阅读理解

    Something's happening at the lowest point on our planet.

The Dead Sea, a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west, is shrinking(缩小) at an alarming rate—--about 3.3 feet per year, according to the environmentalist group EcoPeace Middle East. And human actions are largely to blame.

    “It's not just like one country is punishing the Dead Sea; it's more like the whole area,” said photographer Mortize Kustner, who visited the area in February to work on his series “The Dying Dead Sea”.

    The Dead Sea needs water from the other natural sources surrounding it, such as the Jordan River basin. But around the 1960s, some of the water sources it relied on were diverted(使改道).Israel, for instance, built a pipeline during that time so it could supply water throughout the country.

    Mineral extraction(开采) industries are another main reason the water levels are falling, experts say. The Dead Sea's minerals have been used as medicine and can often be found in cosmetics(化妆品) and other consumer products.

    And then, of course, there's the Middle East's hot, dry climate, which makes it difficult for the lake to replenish itself.

    Last year, Israel and Jordan signed a $900 million deal in an effort to keep the Dead Sea's water levels stable(稳定). It includes building a canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea which would be able to not only supply water to Israel and Jordan but also to pump water into the Dead Sea.

    But for now, Kustner shows us that the Dead Sea remains very much a place of interest, with people from all over the world going there to swim in its salty waters.

    The Dead Sea, known as the Salt Sea in the language of Hebrew, is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. And because of what has been happening over the years, the salt is only getting saltier.

Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.

    But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.

    It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance," with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.

    In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.

    Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.

    There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.

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