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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

江苏省淮安市2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Positive Psychology

    Positive psychology can be thought of as a branch of psychology, which puts emphasis on the strengths and positive aspects of an individual's character to help him achieve contentment and satisfaction. It focuses on making the ordinary lives of people much more fulfilling. The key point of positive psychology is that an individual should try to be content with his past experiences, happy with the present and hopeful about the future. This attitude can help an individual to place an emphasis on his strengths and grow in the best possible way. Positive psychology attaches great importance to three main factors. They are positive emotions, positive personalities and positive institutions.

    Positive psychologists believe that positive emotions help broaden one's vision and create a sense of well-being in an individual. Positive emotions can help in achieving better results, both in personal and professional life. Positive emotions include being happy with yourself, which gives you a better way of looking at life. Positive emotions also prepare you to face any challenge in life with optimism.

    Studies show that individuals with positive personalities have greater chances of standing out in various fields. Research shows that those with virtues like confidence, creativity. perseverance, sensibility, etc. have more chances of succeeding than those who hold a pessimistic (悲观的)view on life. Positive individual personalities prepare an individual to face the difficulties in life with confidence.

    Institutions like schools, families and other social organizations can ensure that the strengths of an individual are developed. For example, praising a child for his good qualities and helping him deal with challenges can go a long way in preparing him for his future life. Instead of condemning or pressurizing employees, appreciating them for their efforts and rewarding them for their achievements are more effective ways of developing confidence in them and getting them to achieve more productivity.

    Positive psychology shouldn't be confused with positive thinking. Positive thinking is a mind-sct which a person believes that all right things will happen to him and he'll be rewarded for his actions, while positive psychology doesn't rule out the probability of negative things happening to an individual. Rather, it focuses more on his positive aspects and works on how to utilize these to make a positive impact on his life. Positive psychologists believe that being happy isn't putting on a fake smile and reassuring yourself that all is fine. It is more about confronting(处理)negative aspects and appreciating positive aspects in order to use them to develop your personality. So it's necessary and important for us all to learn how to get the benefits of this new branch of psychology.

Positive Psychology

Introduction

·Positive psychology refers to a branch of psychology which is aimed at making people feel content and satisfied by their strengths and positive aspects.

·With positive psychology, people can make the most of their strengths for their best

Three important factors

·Positive emotions can have one's vision  and bring a sense of happiness. They can help one achieve better results personally and. They can get one  for challenges in life with an optimistic attitude.

·Those with positive personalities are more  to succeed in various fields than those with pessimistic personalities.

·Positive institutions are beneficial to the of one's strengths.

 between positive psychology and positive thinking

·Positive thinking just focuses on right things while positive psychology takes into  both positive and negative aspects of a situation.

·Positive psychology focuses on developing one's personality by the  of facing the negative and appreciating the positive.

举一反三
任务型阅读

    Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you're not a child anymore. In fact, there are many advantages of talking to strangers.

    You can meet a really great person.

    Talking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends' and relatives' points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons.

    You can improve your social skills.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don't have. You can better these skills when talking to a stranger.

    You can offer someone comfort.

    The thing you'll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone's day better.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you. Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful.

    You can find the solutions you didn't know about.

    Talking to someone you don't know is all about finding out something you didn't know. You may have some problems that you can't solve for a long time. However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn't even think about before.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. It may be a help you needed to get a long time ago.

B. You can expand your world view.

C. You can meet a person who will become your best friend in future.

D. Smile and people will smile in return.

E. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers.

F. You shouldn't miss these unexpected chances of meeting people.

G. Why not speak to someone until your turn comes?

选择合适的选项完成短文。

    The key to losing weight is to understand what really motivates you. have you ever been excited about losing a few pounds?{#blank#}1{#/blank#} And to help you keep your weight under control, you need some coping strategies.

    Ask questions. When you're researching different dieting products and plans or even talking to a doctor about diets, ask as many questions as you can.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}Ask questions like: Do I have to purchase special meals or supplements? Does the program include a part to help me maintain my weight loss?

    Get real.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Don't burden yourself with unrealistic expectations. Remember, large amounts of weight loss are not realistic and are most likely not safe or healthy. Talk with your health care professional to determine a healthy weight goal.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}To maintain your weight, you must balance your intake of calories with the energy you burn. Just 30 minutes of fast walking in most days can take about 10 pounds off your weight each year.

    Weight yourself weekly. It's important to track your weight on any diet or weight loss plan, but don't get on the scale every day. weighing daily won't show you the big picture.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. Stay balanced.

B. Once a week is fine.

C. Stick with your healthy eating plan.

D. Losing one to two pounds a week is a realistic goal.

E. Being well informed will help you choose the best diet for you.

F. Regular weight check-ins will show you your progress over time.

G. If so, you must find a way to turn that excitement into determination.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

    All company leaders will face major business decisions throughout their time as the heads of their organizations. Difficult decisions related to activities such as M&A, leadership changes, restructuring, and massive growth plans will directly impact the company's employees.

    If you've already established trust with your workforce, you can significantly minimize potential negative impacts and make sure your employees will buy into your decisions, even if they don't necessarily agree with them. But earning their faith takes time. As a leader, you are trusted only to the degree that people believe in your ability, consistency, and commitment to deliver. The good news is that there do exist some strategies to help you earn confidence.

    Instill trust through an employee engagement program

    By encouraging consistent feedback and establishing an honest environment, employees will trust the direction and information you give them. Create a highly engaged culture by prioritizing real-time recognition, continuous feedback, and ongoing goal-setting.

    Change and react with meaningful conversations. You've likely had to adjust your business plan in the middle of the year. Real-time, continuous communication helps you keep employees in the loop and adjust to expectations as your organization's needs change.

    Giving timely feedback is the most effective way to communicate expectations. Not only that, but saving your big praise until the end of the year isn't just ineffective—it makes it more difficult to deliver.

    Ongoing goal-setting can help people understand where their contributions fit within the organization and where they need to aim. Better yet, these can be transparent across the organization so everyone is held accountable for the outcomes and behaviors that drive your business and cultural success.

    Gather and measure sentiment (情感) during times of change

    Part of the difficulty in making tough business decisions is that leaders don't want to surprise or disappoint employees. Think about the last time you made a major company-wide announcement. Did you know if employees were happy? Were they shocked? Or even worse, did you have no insight into their reactions at all? If you regularly measure employee sentiment through real-time pulse surveys—especially during times of change—you can more accurately pinpoint reactions and cope with issues immediately. The results of these pulse surveys empower your leadership team to be more forthcoming, moving forward, earning the trust of employees and strengthening a transparent company culture.

    If there is a strong link between employees and managers to the goals of the organization, the vision and values of the company will be embraced by all.

    At the end of the day, the mindset shouldn't be about how you can make tough decisions easier, but how you can make those decisions in a way that won't negatively impact your employees or your organization's objectives. Create a cooperative feedback culture, and when the time comes to make difficult decisions, you know that with your team's insights in mind and trust in the leadership, the decision will be accepted willingly.

Earning employee's faith takes time

Passage outline

Supporting details

Introduction

◆ Trust from workforce can minimize negative impacts of difficult decisions and ensure employees' {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of your decisions.

◆ Only when employees think you are capable, consistent, and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} will they believe in you.

Strategies to

{#blank#}3{#/blank#} on

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} employees in some programs.

◆ Timely and continuous communication is necessary because proper {#blank#}5{#/blank#} are likely to be made to your business plan.

◆ Real-time feedback is valuable in communicating expectations and the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in giving praise will make it harder to deliver.

◆ Ongoing goal-setting can make employees {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of where their aims are.

Gather and measure sentiment during times of change.

◆ Regular measurement of employee sentiment can help you know how they react so that you can {#blank#}8{#/blank#} issues instantly.

◆ The vision and values of the company will be widely accepted if employees and managers are closely united in order to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} their common goal.

Conclusion

It is the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} impact of your decisions on the organization's objectives and the creation of a cooperative feedback culture that count.

任务型阅读
                                                        Reasons to Take Part in Student Clubs and Organizations

    Many college students don't know what they're missing by not taking part in the student clubs and organizations that are offered at most colleges and universities. Taking part in one can be a rich and rewarding experience.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Check them out and see what's available. Here are a few reasons why you should take part in student clubs and organizations.

    Meet new people.

    It can be hard to meet new people in college, especially in your first year.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}However, in a club, you'll find yourself in a smaller group of people who likely share your interest.

    Help your major.

    There are many student clubs and organizations for different majors and departments. Such clubs can be a lot of fun as well as a great academic resource for you. By joining an academic club you will probably have an easier time to know professors in your departments.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    Learn important leadership skills.

    Student clubs and organizations can be a good way to learn important leadership skills that would look great on job applications{#blank#}4{#/blank#}These skills could be event planning, finance management, and so on. Find a club that you love being a part of and if you work hard you might be able to gain such a position.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Lastly, student clubs and organizations can simply be a lot of fun. Make sure to take advantage of student clubs and organizations to make the most of your time in college!

A.Have fun.

B.Class sizes can be big.

C.Never waste energy.

D.Take advantage of your major.

E.In a club, you will be able to gain other important skills.

F.So don't just walk past those tables during clubs week.

G.And you might even get access to study skills and other academic advice.

Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Reading the world in 195 books

    In 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN-recognized states in a year. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.

    The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.

    But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet's literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, bookpacking offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet.

    One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.

A. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me.

B. And that in turn changed my thinking.

C. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet's readers for help.

D. No matter how long your life is, you will be able to read only a few of all the books that have been written.

E. You'll find yourself enlightened by the thoughts and observations of the most gifted writers in history.

F. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan's Ak Welsapar, sent me unpublished translations of their novels.

任务型阅读

    "Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they're given after all. Choices can be hard."

    I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30, and I'd been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start-ups don't and I wasn't sure what to expect. She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.

    I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people and a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him that I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park,listened carefully to me and finally said, "That sounds like a really good idea,but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job." That logic made some sense to me,and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice,but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn't think I would regret trying and failing. And I suspected that I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.

    After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.

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