题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
安徽省池州市2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷
After years of studying the Baka people of Cameroon, Fernando Ramirez Rozzi was surprised to find a sudden drop in fertility (生育) among young women in 2011. He tried to remember what had happened in the community that could have caused the change. The biggest news was a bar opened in late 2010 in the village, selling a cheap, dangerous mix of methanol (甲醇) and ethanol (乙醇).
But was alcohol to blame for the decline in births? To answer that question, Ramirez Rozzi, a human paleontologist, compared the number of births before and after the bar opened. Ramirez Rozzi found the fertility rate dropped significantly after 2011 — from an average of 8. 8 babies per woman to 5. 6. And the rate decreased even more in younger women.
Alcohol — especially the dangerous mix sold at the new bar — has been shown to contribute to many serious health conditions, including infertility in women. Indeed, government authorities in Cameroon have banned the production of the kind because it causes major disorders of the nervous system, cancers, and death. That the drop in fertility was especially high among young women also pointed to alcohol, because they hung out at the bar more than older women, listening to loud music and getting drunk.
Ramirez Rozzi looked into other major changes, such as higher rates of disease. He found nothing. So he concludes that alcohol is to blame. Other researchers say Ramirez Rozzi's argument is convincing. "The case for alcohol abundance causing a drop in fertility is persuasive, says Nicholas Blurton-Jones, professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles. Blurton-Jones was not involved with the new work, but he has studied another group of hunter-gatherers who also struggle with alcohol.
The drop in fertility could threaten the Baka people's chances of survival over time Ramire Rozzi says. When he shared his data with the Baka women in a meeting last year, they told him they were very concerned about that.
The book ABigFatCrisis: TheHiddenForcesBehindObesityEpidemic— andHowWeCanEndIt by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.
1).If you're obese, blame your genes.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.
2).If you're obese, you lack selfcontrol.
Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Even, the most vigilant(警觉的)people may not be good controllers of themselves.
3).{#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 per cent of Americans live in the “food deserts”, about 65 per cent of the nation's population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.
4).The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise.
Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} In fact, although a drop in workrelated physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.
A.Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity. B.Obesity rates have increased. C.Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity. D.But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. E.People hold different views on obesity. F.People benefit a lot from physical activities. G.Our world has become so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. |
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