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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

2016届山东临沂高三下学期教学质量检测(一模)英语试卷

阅读理解

    Sometimes, you just can't help it. Maybe you're watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, your eyes are watering, and you havetears running down your cheeks. Why do peoplecry when they are emotional? What are tears? Scientists are working hard to find the answers to these questions.

    Ad Vingerhoets is a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands. He is one ofthe few scientists in the world who have studied crying. According to Vingerhoets, there are three types of tears. Basal tearsare the first type. Theylubricate(润滑) the eyes andact as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World. Next arereflex tears. They wash youreyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states, ”explains Vingerhoets. “Especially when we feel helpless.”

    Scientists believe that crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other.“Humans are very complex social creatures,”says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania.“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others," She says. “Another reason we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes along time to grow up. ”

    Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed tears(流眼泪) has somethingto do with our childhood,”he says. “That's the time when we are stir dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.”Vingerhoets says this ability to target someone could have come in hand in prehistorictimes, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Crying couldattract predators(捕食者). Tears were asafer way to get attention. In this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,”he says.

    Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma, there is still much more to discover. “It's surprising,”she says,“how much we still don't know.”

(1)、Which of the following is reflex tears?

A、Tears when eyes are dry. B、Tears moved by a story. C、Tears released when crying. D、Tears when dirt gets into eyes.
(2)、What's the function of tears according to Bylsma?

A、It helps human develop longer. B、It helps humans attract predators. C、It helps arouse attention. D、It helps people to be independent.
(3)、What can we learn from the passage?

A、Emotional tears are better than reflex tears. B、Basal tears are a type of protective barrier. C、Tears helped frighten predators away. D、It's easy to understand why humans cry.
(4)、What's the main idea of this passage?

A、Why people shed tears. B、When people shed tears. C、How people shed tears. D、Where people shed tears.
举一反三
阅读理解

    A bookseller in Chongqing has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters(上下班往返的人)to read, after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.

    Author and bookstore owner Jiang Lin, 29, randomly placed 40 works along the city's light-rail system on Sunday. Whoever finds a book can read it in public or take it home, but they are encouraged to leave it again on public transportation once they have finished with it. Jiang said, “I considered the needs of commuters," he said. "I hope strangers can feel comforted by the books and feel connected with other readers."

    All 40 books were chosen from Jiang's store, Razor's Edge Book Club, which he opened in the summer, and included fiction and nonfiction, with topics ranging from art and social sciences to philosophy and history Jiang's Books on the Chongqing Light Rail project follows the same model as Books on the Underground, which was started in 2012 and sees “book fairies” leave works on London Tube trains and at stations. Readers are encouraged to share their views on the books. It was revealed on Nov. 1 that Watson, who is best-known for the Harry Potter movie series, is a book fairy.

    “After I read the news about her leaving books on the London Tube, I was so inspired that I immediately decided to do something over the weekend,” Jiang said. However, his decision was so spontaneous that he had no time to make the stickers that are usually placed on each book to identify them as part of the project . Instead, he put a note on the fly page to introduce the concept.

    To his surprise, one of his friends was among those who found his books and posted a picture on WeChat Moments, a social media function on the instant-messaging app. Jiang said more than 20 people have since come onboard and are now working on a more detailed than to spread the love of reading. Although increasing numbers of people read on digital devices, books have not totally gone out of fashion. Jiang mentioned that they needed the support from Chonqing Light Rail Co. to ensure the books to stay there and also hoped the project could be welcomed across the country.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

A typical school day in the UK starts around 8:30 am. This is often even earlier elsewhere in the world, with students sitting down to their first lesson at 7:30 am in the US. The average teenager ideally needs eight to nine hours' sleep each night, but in reality a lot of teenagers struggle to get this much. A lot of the problems arise because our sleep patterns are not fixed, and they change as we grow.

So a later school start time could help to solve this problem, by ensuring to get their eight plus hours of sleep and react properly to their body's natural rhythms (规律). There has been a general shift over the past 25 years to shorten the school day. This is not at the cost of teaching time (which has remained constant) but at the cost of natural breaks, which has led to reduced lunch time and lesson breaks.

Later start times could help teens' grades and health. This is mainly because it makes the management of children easier. Supervising (监管) hundreds of children “playing” requires effective staffing (人员配备). And there is always the fear that behavior worsens during breaks. So the theory goes that having them in class and strictly supervised must be better.

    But this means that students barely have enough time to absorb what they were doing in maths before suddenly they are thrust into ancient history. And teaching staff also transit from one class to another, with hardly a rest or time to refocus.

    Clearly rethinking the school day could benefit everyone involved. Anyway, it could also lead to better achievement in teenagers and less of a struggle for parents in the mornings. For teachers, it could also mean a less stressful day all around and what could be better than that?

阅读理解

    “We haven't found anything that we can't recycle!”

    Cigarette ends are everywhere—littering our streets and beaches—and for decades they've been thought of as“unrecyclable”. But a New Jerseybased company, called TerraCycle, has taken on the challenge, and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.

    Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking, but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and messaging, between 2000 and 2014, global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent, and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways, cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water, ” TerraCycle founder, Tom Szaky, said. “Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food.”

    So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials, such as the tobacco and the paper, with other kinds of rubbish; and use it on non-agricultural land, such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these, TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces, and then combines them with other recycled materials, making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.

    They're now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently can't be recycled, such as chocolate packaging, pens, and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill (垃圾填埋), and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far, it's working.

    “We haven't found anything that we can't recycle,”communications director of Terra Cycle, Albe Zakes, said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world, we are always looking for new waste streams to address.”

阅读理解

    One of the simplest and the most effective forms of communication involves nothing more than the movement of facial muscles. What am I talking about? Smiling! Everyone understands what a smile means, and everyone also understands what a frown means. In fact, these two basic facial expressions can be recognized across countries, across the world and across the globe, regardless of the language spoken or the culture lived in.

    Moreover, hugs are so beautiful! When you give someone a hug or someone comes up and gives you a hug, this simple act of a hug can “speak” volumes about how much you care for the other person, how much love you want to share with the other person, how much you have missed the other person. This hug has so much to say, and yet there never has to be any words spoken.

    And, who needs to say the words “yes” or “no” when a movement of the head says the same thing. These basic examples show just how powerful body language can be. Just knowing how to read and use body language effectively, makes it really easy to see why it is not always a bad thing to be lost for words.

    Body language in the world of love is a very common thing and sometimes the only thing. And, most of the time, body language is the very first words “spoken” before any words are. The old saying is “love at first sight”, not “love at first word”. Across a crowded room, their eyes meet and linger, he winks at her, and she raises an eyebrow. The connection is made without any words needed. These displays of body language say it all. In fact, sometimes they can say more than words can.

阅读理解

    Hot spots of drones (无人机) in Australia are getting sensors to automatically identify the aircraft and their pilots. Australia's Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) said it would fix the equipment at the nation's airports starting next month. The monitors have been planned for some time, but come in the wake of 72 hours of drone-related disorder at the UK's Gatwick airport last week.

    In 2019, Australia will also start a scheme to register drone owners. The UK is also due to introduce a scheme in November that will require recreational drones weighing 250g (0.55lb) or more to be registered.

    Almost 140,000 air travellers were delayed last week after reports of drone sightings caused huge delays at Gatwick Airport. UK police are still searching for the criminals, although they have also raised the possibility that witness reports of the aircraft were mistaken. The incident “highlights” the need for a drone-spotting capability (能力), CASA spokesman Peter Gibson told the news agency Agence France-Presse. The supervision system would be able to spot the types of drone being flown, read their serial numbers and work out where the pilot was located, he said. Efforts to identify pilots would be aided by the introduction of the registration scheme for commercial and casual drone owners, he added. “2019 will witness severe action towards drone safety,” said Mr. Gibson. As well as airports and other sensitive locations, the drone-spotting systems will be fixed in other places known to be popular with drone owners such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

    Authorities in Australia have expressed worries about the number of drones being flown in controlled areas in recent months. Anyone breaking rules could face fines of up to 10,000 Australian dollars ($7,058; £5,600) as well as checks on the safety of their craft. “In 2019 it could be very expensive doing the wrong thing with your drone,” said Mr. Gibson. Events at Gatwick were discussed by ministers in a Christmas Eve phone conference. It is understood that the Cabinet Office “pushed” the Ministry of Defence and the Home Office to update their relevant regulations. They also discussed defence systems across the UK's airports.

阅读理解

    Doing business nowadays without a cellphone? Living a very private life? I can't imagine it anymore.

    Journalist Chris Stokel-Walker explained it very well: For the average working person, there's no greater feeling than powering down your computer and kissing goodbye to your work emails for the day. If we're lucky enough to disconnect from the job on evenings and weekends, we're overjoyed to leave work emails and the stress that comes with it in the office.

    But experts say we're increasingly failing to do so, instead bringing the burden home with us and dealing with emails during our free time. Unsurprisingly, this routine has some serious consequences.

    Working abnormal or long hours has long been linked with depression(抑郁症), anxiety and even heart disease. In addition, the importance of weekend recovery has also been linked with weekly job performance and personal initiative(主动性). And further research showed psychological detachment(脱离) during off-work time reduced emotional exhaustion caused by high job demands and helped people stay engaged.

    So, if we know all this, it begs the question: Why are we still letting work bother our precious weekend? According to Cary Cooper, professor of Organizational School, the recent trend even spills into the way we access our work communications and projects.

    Today, says Cooper, work emails are just a tap of a smartphone away. "You don't carry your laptop around when you're out to dinner, but you do carry your mobile phone," he says. "The smartphone does not make up for what is lost." So delete your work email account from your inbox(收件箱), and leave the worries until Monday.

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