题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
2016届宁夏石嘴山三中高三下学期一次模拟英语试卷
Ireland,Japan,Chinascientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine.WilliamCampbell,Satoshi Omuraand Tu Youyou jointly won the prize for their work against diseases,theaward-giving body said on Monday.
Tu Youyou, a scientist at the China Academy of Chinese MedicalSciences, has no postgraduate degree. She has never studied or done researchabroad. She is neither a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences nor theChinese Academy of Engineering. However, the 81-year-old pharmacologist hasbecome the first scientist on the Chinese mainland to win a Lasker Award, themedical prize of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation.
The Lasker Awards have existed since 1945. Tu was presented the2011 Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award on September 23. She discovered adrug called artemisinin . The drug is now widely used against malaria .
Tu and her colleagues joined a government project to find a newmalaria drug in the late 1960s during the "cultural revolution"(1966-76). They made 380 herbal extractsfrom 200 potential recipes. The recipes came from traditional Chinese medicalbooks. The team then tested them on malaria-infected mice. Finally Tu became interested in an extract ofthe plant qinghao, or sweet wormwood .
According to an ancient Chinese medicine book, qinghao was onceused to treat malaria. However, the extract they made in the lab didn't workwell. Maybe, thought Tu, the effective ingredient in qinghao was destroyed byhigh temperatures. Therefore, Tu tried to make the extract with an ether whichhas a much lower boiling point than water.
In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu finally got an extractthat was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites .The extract wascalled qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin.
According to a statement on the Lasker Foundation website,during the past four decades, Tu's drug has saved millions of lives. It isespecially important for children in the poorest and least developed parts ofthe world. However, not many people knew of the scientist until she won theLasker Award this month.
Lasker Awards are known as "America's Nobels" for thereason that in the last two decades, 28 Lasker Prize winners have gone on toreceive the Nobel Prize, and 80 since 1945, according to Xinhua News Agency.
" The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind fromtraditional Chinese medicine," Tu said when she received the a-ward."Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will,without doubt, bring more medicines to the world.
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