题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
2016届海南海口湖南师大附中海口中学高三模拟一英语试卷
What will power your house in the future?Nuclear, wind, or solar power?According toscientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in the US, it might beleaves—but artificial(人造的)ones.
Natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water intoenergy. It is known as photosynthesis(光合作用). Nowresearchers have found a way to imitate this seemingly simple process.
The artificial leaf developed by Daniel Nocera and hiscolleagues at MIT can be seen as a special silicon chip with catalysts(催化剂). Similar tonatural leaves, it can splitwater into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogenand oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell, which usesthose two materials to produce electricity, located eitheron top of a house or beside the house.
Though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card, scientistsclaimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity indeveloping countries.“ One can imagine villages in India and Africa not longfrom now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology, ”said Noceraat a conference of the American Chemical Society.
The artificial leaf is not a new idea. The first artificial leafwas invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. Thenew leaf, by contrast, is made ofcheap materials, easy to useand highly stable. In laboratory studies, Nocera showedthat an artificial leaf prototype(原型)could operatecontinuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.
The wonderful improvements come from Nocera's recent discoveryof several powerful, new andinexpensive catalysts. These catalysts make the energy transformation insidethe leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now, the new leafis about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a naturalone. Besides, the device canrun in whatever water is available;that is, it doesn'tneed pure water. This is important for some countries that don't have access topure water.
With the goal to “make each home its own power station” and“give energy to the poor”, scientistsbelieve that the new technology could be widely used in developing countries, especially inIndia and rural China.
a.artificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygen
b.the hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cell
c.the artificial leaves are put in water
d.the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity
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