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题型:概要写作 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

浙江宁波市九校2019-2020学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

    For hundreds of years, education has been closely connected to writing. Professors had been writing down their lectures, and students had been keeping notes after their teachers. Goose feathers and parchment (羊皮纸) changed to ballpoint pens and paper, but the essence has remained the same: knowledge passed down from one person to another must be thoroughly recorded.

    With the emergence and development of mobile technologies such as laptops and smartphones, using conventional methods is gradually becoming obsolete (废弃的). Students tend to use laptops in class more often than pens and paper. And although there are still many educational institutions that ban using computers in class, there are many arguments in favor of doing so.

    On the one hand, let us face reality: people do not write as much today as they used to several years ago. This is especially true in the case of the youth: teenagers and young adults tend to feel more confident and comfortable typing on their devices rather than with handwriting. Keeping records after a teacher in class requires a student to write very fast, which often decreases the readability of the notes taken. Sometimes it can be quite difficult for a student to understand what he or she hurriedly wrote down in class. At the same time, typing on a laptop helps write the important information down in a comprehensible and accurate way. Also, handwriting always involves grammatical mistakes, typos, blots (墨水迹), and so on. Obviously, students experience little-to-none of such problems while using computers.

    On the other hand, technology is something youth nowadays have got so accustomed to that without it, they operate less efficiently. Students are native to such devices as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other gadgets, and naturally incorporate them in whatever they do, be it leisure time or studying. Not allowing students to use tablets in class means to deprive (剥夺) them of something that is almost a part of them and of their daily lives. If young people know how to use technology to their advantage and increase their studying effectiveness with its help, why forbid them from doing it?

举一反三
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。

    I have a "strange­sounding" name. I always knew when the teacher got to my name on the attendance, because of the long pause.

    "Um…… Ooooozma?"

    "Is it…… Ahhhzzzma?"

    "Wait, I got this. Youz­ma, right?"

    The other kids, all named Carla, Melanie, Sammy and Geoff, would laugh secretly. I'd agree with whatever my teacher said, just to move past the annual, painful moment. It's totally fine, though. Whatever shames you in grade school turns you into a strong adult later, so it's all good.

    I was shocked to learn, many years later, that my first name—Uzma, pronounced exactly as it looks—is quite common in India and Pakistan. I even know a few Uzma's in Toronto. At least my teachers tried. When I was 12 my P.E. teacher called me "Ursula" because he couldn't pronounce my name. Every time he called me by my new nickname, I pictured the scary octopus from LittleMermaid. For the record, if I were to give myself a more user­friendly name, it would be Caroline. To 12­-year-­old me, it had a great sound.

    Many of my friends have similar stories. Amreena became "Am," Aqeela became "Angela" and—my personal favourite—Widad Ahmed somehow changed into "Woodward Anderson". One teacher took one look at a friend's name and threw up his hands. "I can't pronounce this!" he said. Her name is Ayesha.

    Every parent I know gives the "how will this be important in school?" attitude when giving a list of baby names. For instance, "Butt" is a common South Asian last name, but in Canada it is sure to have different meaning. My own last name, at four syllables and 10 letters, is difficult to read. I drive cashiers crazy when signing receipts, holding up lines for an extra five to 10 seconds while I carefully write.

    As a teacher, I pay attention to pronouncing names. "HAHSS­an?" I said with confidence. The class starts to laugh. "It's Has­saaan, miss," the students responded. No! It's not! I want to yell back. I know how your name is pronounced! Mispronunciations(误读)happen so often that the proper pronunciation sounds wrong.

注意:

1)所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2)应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;

3)续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;

4)续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:Yet many people stick to traditional ethnic names when it comes to their own kids.

Paragraph 2:Do names really matter?

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Gossip

    “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.

    With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”

    Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.

    An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

    If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.

    Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

    The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

What You Will Need to Live to 100

A new approach to retirement preparation known as “longevity planning” has been on the rise for years, with the global population of centenarians (B1岁老人)steadily growing. In about 40 years, the number of people 100 and older will be six times as high as it is now. What, as you may wonder, enhances longevity? While a previous study underlined the link between longevity and higher education, having a degree doesn't necessarily guarantee you a longer lief. Actually, the growth in the 100-plus age group are more likely to result from a combination of improved lifestyle factors.

Genetic, as new research has revealed, is a force that cannot go ignored. Dr. Peris of medicine and geriatrics at Boston University points out that longevity is not distributed equally. Being blessed with the certain genetic component that extend your life span is like winning the lottery. Only one in 5000 is lucky enough to possess the magical power that help make it to the century mark. Rare as it may appear, the genetic component is a factor in 40 percent to 50 percent of people who make it to 100 and 70 percent for those reaching 106.

Deliberate mental, social and physical activities during retirement also matter. That means continuing to learn new things, staying involved in the community and working to some degree. Activity is critically important, said Mitch Anthony, a consultant in Rochester, who trains financial planners in life planning. People tend to do best when they remain socially and mentally vibrant.

The research continues to uncover that despite their struggle to identity how they improve longevity, most of the researchers agree that purpose and meaning throughout life provide people with better chances to live longer. These factors may offer a mental and possibly physical shelter from stressful events in life. Having purpose in life may motivate refraining stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and disorder.

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