1). 表示欢迎；

2). 就她购买纪念品的计划说说你的看法；

3). 推荐一个你认为最值得参观的古迹，并说明原因。

注意：

1). 词数100左右；

2). 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Lucy,

    I learned about your travel plan from your email.

    Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

1). 广受欢迎；

2). 它的优缺点；

3). 你的看法……

注意：

1). 词数100左右；

2). 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

What comes first: the optimism or the good health?

    Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.

    A recent study suggests that most people can't help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O'Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.

    Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.

    O'Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. "We're not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong." O'Brien's study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? "If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people's optimism," Boehm explained. However, it's difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.

    High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years. However, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind (NCLB).

    The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor market outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceration (监禁) rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.

    Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of "quality control" for high school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready. The other is that they have predicting value for future success in academic situations.

    But there is little evidence. The tests don't exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, college readiness are not determined. Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking, and empathy (移植), are not measured, either. Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they don't offer reliable data.

    Thus, more and more people are suggesting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken, activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas.

1. 简要描述图片；

2. 你的观点和建议。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 短文的题目已为你写好, 不计入总词数。

参考词汇：scan QR codes扫描二维码

Helping the old adapt to a digital society

注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。

参考词汇:文科 arts；理科:science