Alice was a student in a secondary school. The school was on the other side of the street from my house. Every day. I watched her play basketball after school from my house. She played very well, much better than any other of her classmates. And she never stopped. She practised over and over again, sometimes until it was very dark.

    One day, I asked her, "why do you practise so hard? You are playing very well."

    "That's because I want to play in the city basketball team," she looked at me and said proudly. "But I'm still not good enough. I must work hard." I was moved by her great courage.

    Another day, I saw her crying on the grass, instead of playing basketball. I walked across the street and sat down by her side.

    "Why are you crying, girl?" I asked.

    "The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldn't go on playing basketball because I was too short."

    But some days later, I saw her playing basketball again, practising even harder than before. I was curious(好奇的) and asked her the reason. "My father told me if my dream is big enough, nothing can stop me." I was moved again.

    In life, there will always be some people or things that deeply touch you, or even change some of your ideas.

    On my way to school, I always see some people w{#blank#}1{#/blank#} in orange color and sweeping the street. They are city cleaners. People always d{#blank#}2{#/blank#} them as beauticians of the city. However, their work is really hard!

    Last week, our school carried out a social practice activity. I f{#blank#}3{#/blank#} a sanitation (环卫) worker Aunt Hu to experience. As we walked, we w{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Aunt Hu went to clean up the rubbish when she saw it. I also c{#blank#}5{#/blank#} some leaves and waste paper into a plastic bag. After five minutes, I felt a little tired. It was very hot. How I wanted to find a cool place to have a rest! But Aunt Hu didn't mean to stop even though there was much sweat (汗) p{#blank#}6{#/blank#} over her face. Just at this time, a banana peel fell on the ground. I looked up and saw that it was t{#blank#}7{#/blank#} by a fashionable girl! I was very angry, but Aunt Hu picked it up silently and put it in the dustbin. At this moment, I was touched d{#blank#}8{#/blank#}. She left the dirt and tiredness to herself and the tidiness to us, but the girl turned a blind eye to her job!

    City cleaners are worth our high regard. Thanks to them, the public environment has become clean and c{#blank#}9{#/blank#}. The news reports how the public respects the touching news of these lovely people. We are glad to see the public's a{#blank#}10{#/blank#} to the little people.

In Xi'an, there are special sidewalks for the phubbers ( 低头族 ). Different people have different opinions on it.

 Cindy is a middle school student. She likes shopping very much.

 It is New Year's Day today. Many stores are at a great sale. So Cindy's mother and Cindy go shopping after lunch.

 They are in a store now. Cindy sees a note that says"BOGOF!". She asks a saleswoman what that is. The saleswoman says to her," It is‘ buy one, get one free(免费)'."

 That sounds good! Cindy finds a shirt for 30 yuan. Cindy's mother wants to buy a skirt . It is 30 yuan, too. So Cindy buys a yellow shirt and her mother buys a white skirt.

 Cindy and her mother are very happy.

①Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person.

②Extrinsic (外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward.

③There are many advantages of intrinsic motivation. Firstly, it's lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction.

④Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal (内部的) wish to complete it. That's when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too-many external (外部的) rewards can reduce (减少) intrinsic motivation. For example, in a study, children were playing with the toys they liked. When they were externally rewarded for their behavior, they became less interested in the toys.

⑤Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation.

⑥Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning.