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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市四中2020届九年级上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

    Scientist Stephen Hawking had to work really hard to speak. He chose letters and words from a screen controlled by movements of a muscle in his cheek. However, the slow system he used might soon be replaced. With a very different approach, doctors have found a way to get a person's speech directly from their brain.

    The system uses brain-reading software. It works only for sentences it has been trained on. Doctors at the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) set out to create a better product,  which allows people who are paralyzed (瘫痪的) to communicate more quickly than Hawking's device, which uses muscle twitches(抽搐)to control a keyboard.

    The Study of Brain Activity

    The work was possible thanks to three patients. They had epilepsy(癫痫症). This is a condition that has something to do with the nerves. It causes seizures(痉挛). This is when their body suddenly moves on its own. They were about to have surgery(外科手术)for their condition.

    Before their surgery, they had a small device placed on their brain for at least a week. It was used to map their seizures. The patients could speak normally, and they agreed to take part in Doctor Chang's study. The doctor used the devices to record brain activity while each patient was asked nine questions. The patients were also asked to read a list of 24 possible responses.

    Using the recordings, Chang and his team built computer models. The models learned to match patterns of brain activity to the questions the patients heard and the answers they spoke. Once trained, the software could identify questions and responses almost instantly. It used only brain signals. It was correct on what question a patient heard 7 out of 10 times. The software identified what response they gave 6 out of 10 times.

    Improving Software to Read More Varied Speech

    Even with the breakthrough, there are hurdles ahead. One challenge is to improve the software so it can translate brain signals into a variety of speech. This will require software trained on a huge amount of spoken language and matching brain signals. These signals will be different from one person to another.

    Another goal is to read "imagined speech", or sentences spoken in the mind. The system in the study detects brain signals that are sent to move the mouth. However, for some patients these signals may not be enough. More advanced ways of reading sentences in the brain will be needed.

(1)、From the passage, we can learn that ______.
A、the three patients with epilepsy have difficulty in speaking B、Stephen Hawking's system is controlled by his brain signals C、the patients chose from nine responses to answer 24 questions D、the brain-reading software can only recognize a few sentences now
(2)、What does the word hurdles in paragraph 6 mean?
A、Risks. B、Difficulties. C、Possibilities. D、Disadvantages.
(3)、The purpose of the last two paragraphs is to _______.
A、tell us the disadvantages of the software B、present the possible future of the software C、explain the process of designing the software D、show the author's opinion toward the software
(4)、What's the main idea of the passage?
A、Different devices to help paralyzed people to communicate. B、Different ways to develop software that can help paralyzed people. C、Doctors have started to explore software to read people's brain signals. D、The study showed the system could translate brain signals into a variety of speech.
举一反三
阅读理解

Royal Engineers Museum

Events

Chinese New Year (16 Jan—24 Feb)

    Join in as the Museum celebrates the Year of the Rat Get creative by decorating a paper lantern or creating your own rat toys.

    £2 per activity, not included in standard prices.

The Soldiers as Artists (5 Feb—23 Jun)

    Royal Engineers were also taught drawing to help make maps. The paintings and drawings on display show not only the soldiers' drawing skills but also their talent that went beyond the training they received.

    Included in standard prices.

Historic Headwear Hunt (19 Apr-26 Jul)

    Discover the unusual hats, caps and helmets worn by royal Engineers! Imagine what has happened to them over the last 300 years!

    Included in standard prices.

Medway in Time (7 Jul—31 Aug)

    Following a 15-week Medway Adult Education course, the Museum is proud to present artworks about the area's special history and traditions.

    Included in standard prices.

Plan your Visit

Opening time

    Tuesday-Sunday   10 a.m.-5 p. m.

Standard tickets

    Adult              £9.20       Senior citizen (老年人)      £8.20

    Child (5-15)      £4.60 Student £7.60

    Family (2Ad+ 2Ch)       £24.80 Serving Royal Engineers Free

How to find us

    Located on Prince Arthur Road. Gillingham. Kent.

    Within walking distance from Gillingham Station.

Contact us

    Tel: 01634822839      www. re-museum. co. uk/contact

阅读理解

Animals

    Corona viruses are common in animals. Sometimes, animals get infected (感染的) with these viruses which may then spread to human beings. To protect yourself, you should not visit live animal markets or have direct contact with wild animals. Stay away from raw meat, animal organs and other undercooked animal products.

    When an infectious pet was found in Hong Kong, some may wonder if one can get virus from their pets. Until today, there is no evidence that a dog, cat or any pet can transmit (传播) COVID-19. Please do not kill or give up pets!

Touching surface with virus

    Studies suggest that COVID-19 virus may stay on surfaces for a few hours or up to several days. However, the number may change under different conditions such as type of surface, temperature or the environment.

    If you think a surface may be infected, clean it with ethyl alcohol (酒精). After touching it, clean your hands with alcohol or wash them with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, or nose.

Package (包裹)

    Before delivering to your home, a package has been moved, travelled, and exposed to different conditions and temperature. Therefore, the possibility of being infectious because of your package from COVID-19-reported areas is rather low. There is no need to send your package back.

Smoking

    An article posted on Wechat recently says that cigarette can protect smokers from COVID-19 and thus make cigarettes sell very well. It is an online rumor (谣言)! As has been known, smoking harms people's health. It weakens the immune system and worsens diabetes and blood pressure. No smoking is still a must!

Transportation

    According to Feng Luzhao, an expert from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the major routes of transmission are still through respiratory droplets and direct contact. In order to protect yourself in underground station, wearing a mask and keeping your hands clean are good ways. People are also encouraged to use a personal transportation card or pay for the ticket via an app. After taking public transportation, washing hands is necessary.

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