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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三上学期英语10月检测试卷

阅读理解

    Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva? Chances are that you would prefer Watson, right? But why?

    "Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous," Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.

    In the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like Yevgeni Dherzhinsky and easy names like Bodo Wallmeyer. They then attached each name with a statement such as "turtles are deaf" and "giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump" and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.

    The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. For example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的),according to Medical Daily.

    But researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. For example, a native British man may find "Yevgeni Dherzhinsky" hard to pronounce while Russian people could say it without effort. Newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). It's not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.

    For example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their "difficult" names.

    Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?

(1)、What did Newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?
A、Volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims. B、A difficult name doesn't influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims. C、Volunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often. D、Volunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.
(2)、The underlined words "this effect" in Paragraph 5 refer to the effect ______.
A、names have on peoples judgments B、gut feelings have on people from different places C、of decisions made based on facts D、of people's biases against certain types of people
(3)、What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A、We should think twice before we make a decision. B、The harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job. C、Judging people based on their names may cause serious problems. D、Russians have less bias against people's names than the British.
(4)、What is probably the best title for the text?
A、Names Affect Products B、Employers Prefer Shobha Bhattacharva C、Difficult Names are Trustworthy D、Easy Names Win Out
举一反三

阅读理解

ESL TEACHER NEEDED IN SHANGHAI

Date updated:Oct 6,2016

Employer:Longman schools, Shanghai

Company type:

Private

Industry type:

Education / Training / Universities and Colleges

Work City:

Shanghai

Job Category:

English Teaching

Salary City:

>13000RMB

No. Hiring:

Unspecified

Work Experience:

2 years

Job Type:

Full Time

Qualifications

·A genuine interest in children, teaching, and professional development

·Open-minded, an adventurous spirit, and professional flexibility

·4-year bachelor's degree from an accredited university

·Native English speaker

·Passport issued by the USA, Canada, the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand

·Two years post bachelor degree teaching experience preferred

·Internationally recognized TEFL, CELTA, or TESOL certification

·Experience traveling internationally and / or working abroad preferred

Responsibilities

·Planning and delivering lessons to learners (ages 3.15)

·Using electronic media and courseware to teach English efficiently and effectively

·Evaluating student progress and providing ongoing guidance for improvement

·Participating in social activities with students organized by your school

·Maintaining regular office hours

Employment package

·Salaries:13,000rmb-16,000rmb per month (depending on experience)

·6,000 rmb sign on bonus (after probation — a time of training and testing when you start a new job)

·10,000rmb Accommodation Assistance Loan (overseas applicants only)

·2,000rmb relocation allowance (overseas applicants only)

·16 teaching hours and 10 office hours per week

·2 Day off per week

·Paid overtime for teaching

·Paid holiday & paid Chinese public holiday

·15-month Z working visa (foreign expert certificate)

·5000rmb flight allowance (paid upon contract completion)

·Comprehensive health Insurance & accident Insurance

·Accommodation assistant

·On-going professional teacher development and training program

·15 month contract (including 3 month's probation)

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    The GRAMMY Museum is a musically fascinating journey of music in downtown Los Angeles. Turn up the beat over four floors of modern exhibits, interactive(互动的) experiences and interesting films that will give you a one-of-a-kind experience. They want to engage you, educate you, and inspire you — just like music does!

    There are over 30,000 square feet of interactive, traveling and permanent (永久的) exhibits. This includes over two dozen exhibits along that explore the greatest of the GRAMMY music! Your whole family will find something they love — rock, classical, hip hop to country…

    The Crossroads exhibition invites you to explore nearly 160 kinds of music! Open them up on the interactive table in front of you to show photos, songs and stories that describe the influence that music has on the world, as well as the music itself.

    Journey down the Songwriters Hall of Fame. How many of these songs do you know? How many songwriters have you heard of? You can also try writing a song with some songwriters in the songwriting kiosks(自助式服务设备)!

    Have you wondered how a song gets from someone's head to your radio? The third floor shows the art of recording.

    The museum always has a host of programs and events throughout the year, so make sure you keep up to date — you won't want to miss out!

HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

Adults: $ 12.95

Children: $ 10.95 (6-17 yrs)

Free: under 5 years old

WHEN CAN WE GO?

Mon-Fri: 11:30 am – 7:30 pm

Weekends: 10:00 am – 7:30 pm

    Sometimes shut for private events, so check before you go.

阅读理解

    How many times a day do you check your WeChat(微信) or QQ? When you wake up? Before bed? A dozen times in between? The technology which was supposed to make our lives simple has taken up too much time. The young people spends more than seven hours a day using technological devices(设备), with an extra hour just text-messaging friends.

    The advantage of technological devices is connection: we are in touch with more people during more hours of the day than at any other time in history. But is it possible that we're lonelier than ever? That's what professor Sherry Turkle observes(观察)in her new book, Alone Together, which clearly describes our changing relationship with technology.

For Turkle, technology isn't offering us the lives we want to live. “We're texting people at a distance,” says Turkle, “We're using lifeless objects(物体) to convince(使确信) ourselves that even when we're alone, we feel together. And then when we're with each other, we put ourselves in situations where we are alone—always on our mobile devices. I call it a storm of confusion(困惑) about what's important in our human connections. That's my biggest worry.”

    Besides, communicating online is not equal to face-to-face communication. Online, you can ignore(忽视) others' feelings. In a text message, you can avoid eye contact(目光接触). A number of studies have found that this generation of young people is less sympathetic(有同情心的)than ever. “That doesn't lead to disaster,” says Turkle, “but the disadvantages still cannot be ignored.”

阅读理解

    On the morning of September 7th, 19- year- old Ryan Harris and 40-year-old Stonie Huffman, two Sitka, Alaska residents, took off on their 28-foot boat in search of fish. Two miles into the ocean, their boat began to have some problems. They managed to fix the problems, but decided to head back to shore anyway. However, before they could call for help or grab a life jacket, an eight-foot wave slammed hard against their boat and overturned it, throwing both men into the cold Alaskan waters.

    Stranded, they began to look around to see what they could grab onto and saw a couple of the empty fishing boxes from the boat, floating around. Ryan managed to climb inside one. Stonie, however, was not as lucky and managed to only grab onto the lid of the box. Soon, they both started drifting apart.

   While Ryan continued to bob up and down in the box, the waves started carrying Stonie away. But as luck would have it, he caught sight of one of the life suits from their boat floating in the ocean and managed to grab it. Though putting it on and hanging onto the lid at the same time was not an easy task, Stonie managed it and then began his long swim back to shore. He ended up on a deserted patch of land about 25 miles northwest of Sitka, where he had to wait until Saturday morning almost 24 hours after the fishing trip began, for rescuers to find him. Meanwhile, 19-year-old Ryan continued to drift around the ocean trying to stay alive and hoping someone would find him. The brave teenager repeated himself over and over again, “I'm Ryan Hunter Harris and I'm not going to die here.” He was sure he would be rescued.

    Two hours after his friend was rescued and able to guide the Coast Guard and, 26 hours after the adventure began, Ryan was finally found and brought back to shore. What was amazing was that besides a few scratches, the youngster was in perfect health. Will he ever venture out on a fishing trip again? Only time will tell!

阅读理解

    After photographer Monni Must's daughter Miya died, the sad mother adopted her black dog, Billy Bean. As Billy became increasingly weak, the thought of its dying was just more than Must could handle. So she decided to clone the dog. “I feared everyone was going to forget Miya," she said, "and my other daughters thought I had completely lost my mind."

    Billy's cells were shipped to ViaGen Pets, a Texas company that provides the cloning service. With more than $50,000, Must picked up a new puppy. "The dog has a real soul and is everything my daughter was—fun, social and kind," she said. "I feel that I still have that touchable connection and not just a spiritual connection.”

    Cloning animals is hardly new. But the recent news that singer Barbra Streisand had cloned her dog grabbed international headlines. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals(PETA) president Ingrid Newkirk issued a statement saying she would love to talk her out of cloning, noting that millions of wonderful dogs are getting old in animal shelters every year or dying in terrifying ways when abandoned.

    Normally, a doctor takes a tissue biopsy(组织活检), a piece of skin and muscle about the size of a pencil eraser, from the dog. The next step is to take an egg cell from a donor dog, remove the egg's nucleus, and insert DNA from the pet to be cloned. When an embryo(胚胎)develops, it is transplanted in the body of a mother dog.

    In the basic cloning procedure, scientists take an entire adult cell and put it into an egg that's been relieved of its own DNA. The resulting embryo is a clone. However, in many animals, only one in 100 cloned embryos ever leads to a live birth. Some embryos die in the IVF dish or in the mothers bodies. Of those that are born, a few suffer from abnormalities and quickly die. Besides, pet cloning doesn't mean copying everything of your beloved pets.

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