题型：阅读理解 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
江苏省南京市2019-2020学年高三上学期英语学情调研（零模）试卷
Ronald Reagan ever said, "It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?" To some extent, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn't stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently praised the "996" model, where employees work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., 6 days a week, as a "huge blessing". Apparently, presenteeism (出勤主义) is the curse of the modern office worker.
There will be days when you do not have much to do: perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their employees, and employees fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees' performance, use time in the office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most common in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
Starting a club of some kind at school can be difficult. But with a good idea, some active friends, and the right knowledge, you can pull it off. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.
Decide whether you really want to start a club. Once you have strong enough support from your friends and fellow students, you're ready to go.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Find an advisor for your club. Pick someone who will help you organize events for your club.
Find a place. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you want to do this, talk to your headteacher to apply (申请) for a classroom.
Decide when to meet. Decide how often your club should meet, and then pick a convenient time and day when most club members will be free.
Advertise your club at school. Make bright, colorful informative posters (海报) that will attract attention. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}.
Plan volunteering events. You can decide on events yourself, or hold a meeting to get your club's opinion. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}
Have fun. What's the point of having a club if it's no fun? Don't take yourself too seriously and be sure to have a sense of humor.
A. Get support. B. Read on to learn how. C. Know the purpose of setting up a club. D. Most clubs meet in classrooms after school. E. Professors from other schools can be invited to deliver a lecture. F. Either way, be sure to hold fun events that everyone can take part in. G. You can also ask your headmaster if you can make a small presentation in public. |
The Failed New Year's Resolution: Three Tips to Get on Track
January is officially over, and many people are taking stock of their progress towards New Year's resolutions. The fact is that you probably haven't kept up with them as much as you hoped. But that's not your fault. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} . If you feel like you have already failed, here are three tips before you let go.
Practice self-compassion
Many people talk to themselves in harsh ways when struggling with new habits, believing self-criticism will help them reach their goals. Research shows, however, that the opposite is true. Self-compassion is more effective for personal improvement, especially when facing failure. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}_ , try to be kind and gentle with yourself, just as you would with a loved one.
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Resolutions are often phrased as definitive goals. I will exercise daily. I will kick desserts. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} . But setting all-or-nothing goals can lead to all-or-nothing decisions that one gives up when faced with challenges. In contrast, intentions focus more on your values than specific actions. For example, the resolution "I will exercise daily" may become an intention of "I want to move my body because it feels good." This approach allows for more flexibility when unexpected stress arises.
Solve problems by overcoming barriers
If you are struggling to maintain your desired habits, there are evidence-based techniques available to help you. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} . This involves identifying the specific barriers that lead to your quitting something that you want to do. Perhaps you keep forgetting the new habit, or perhaps you don't understand how to do it. Whatever it is, identify the barrier and cope with it specifically.
A. Set all-or-nothing goals B. Change your resolutions into intentions C. One such skill is called missing links analysis D. Setting specific behavioral goals can be effective E. If you're persuaded to give up on your resolutions F. Old habits tend to die hard, and new habits tend to die easy G. When you are upset about yourself for not keeping resolutions |
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