The word, "photography", was first used in 1839. It comes from the Greek words that mean "to write with light". But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story.

    Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly(确切地) whether all four of a horse's hooves(蹄) left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn't think so.

    At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse's legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $ 25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn't give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence(连续) of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse's hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running.

    Though Edison is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison's invention.

    When you look up into the night sky, you can see the moon. But do you know that you're only seeing one side of the moon? The other side, also known as the far side of the moon, has long been a secret to us. But now, we have a chance to see what's on the far side.

    On January 3rd, China's Chang'e 4 probe(探测器) landed on the far side of the moon. It is the first probe in history to land there.

    Chang'e 4 probe has already done a lot of things on the moon. One of its jobs is to grow plants. Chang'e 4 probe took six living things to the moon. Such as cotton, potatoes and fruit flies(果蝇). The cotton has already started growing. This is the first time humans have grown plants on the moon.

    Chang'e 4 probe also took a lot of pictures of the moon's far side. With these pictures, scientists will learn more about the moon.

In Germany, if children want to ride bikes on the road, they have to pass a test. The test is quite like our driving test.

First, the students have thirty classes about how to ride bikes safely on the road. Each student has a book. The book tells them how to keep safe on the road, how to keep others safe and what to do if they get hurt. Here is a picture from the book. It tells the students the right way to turn left.

After the classes, the students will have two written tests. Then, they will do some riding practice at school. Some policemen will come to give them some help.

At last, the students will have a test on the road. If they can pass the test, they can get a bike license (执照). Then they can ride on the road.

We all know Germans are very careful. We can see this from their riding test for the students. The students learn to ride, and at the same time, they learn the spirit (精神) of the country.

Chinese ancient wisdom(智慧) puts the year into 24 solar terms. Cold Dew(寒露) is the 17th solar term of the year and the fifth one of autumn. This year, Oct. 8 marks the beginning of the Cold Dew and it1 on Oct. 23. 

Cold Dew is seen as a turning point(转折点) in the 2 . After entering the Cold Dew, it gets colder in most parts of China and the Dew is greater and colder. The temperature difference between day and night grows larger. That's 3 this time is called Cold Dew. There will be 4  rain, but there will be more fog. Here are two popular 5 during Cold Dew. 

●Fishing

During the Cold Dew time, temperatures drop quickly and sunshine can't reach the deep water. Fish have to swim in shallow(浅的) water 6 the water is warm there. So it's 7 to fish. 

●Hiking

Hiking is also quite popular during this time. In North China, you can enjoy the beautiful look of late autumn with blue sky and red8 The Double Ninth Festival, which is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, often falls around Cold Dew. On this day, parents often take their children to climb( 爬) hills and 9 cornel twigs(茱萸). Now, this day is also seen as a good chance to10 the old. People always show their love for the old on that day. 

 Shyness is a kind of fear. People who are shy always worry too much about what people think of them or embarrassing themselves in some way in front of others. How can we overcome shyness?

◆Have a good posture (姿势)

 The way a person holds himself/ herself says a lot about that person. People with sloped (倾斜的) shoulders don't think of themselves as important. To have a good posture, you should stand up straight, shoulders back, keep your head up, and always look at the eyes of others. By practicing a good posture, you will feel you have the ability to do things well. 

◆Increase your walking speed

 You can tell if a person is confident by the way he walks. People who walk in a slow way, and look at the ground while walking usually have no confidence in themselves. While people who have confidence in themselves walk faster. That is because they have important things to do, friends to meet, places to go, etc. So walk a little faster, head held up, and look straight ahead. 

◆Do some exercise

 Exercise increases your energy in the body. That will put you in a more positive (积极的) state of mind. By having exercise, you will feel sure of yourself. Think about it. It is better to do some exercise than just watching TV all day. 

◆Do things you enjoy

 This can be anything that you really enjoy doing, like traveling, going to the theater, listening to music, helping someone out with a problem, etc.