题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
天津市耀华中学20182019学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷(含小段音频)
Selfcontrol is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve longterm goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require selfcontrol.
One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better selfcontrol tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater selfcontrol had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, selfcontrol was a more important factor than IQ scores.
The psychologist Walter Mischel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat.
Based on his research, Mischel proposed what he referred to as a "hotandcool" system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive ( 冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational ( 理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses.
Selfcontrol is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our longterm goals. Research has shown that selfcontrol is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides.
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