题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
吉林省蛟河市一中2018-2019高二下学期英语第三次测试试卷(音频暂未更新)
Many non-edible (不能吃的), poisonous or otherwise not pleasant-tasting butterflies have distinct colors and pat terns. As a result, other more palatable (可口的)butterflies have evolved to mimic (模仿)those patterns to avoid being consumed by predators. There are several types of mimicry in butterflies: Bayesian mimicry, Müllerian mimicry, wasp (黄蜂)mimicry and tiger complex mimicry. Birds will consume unpalatable butterflies and associate their colors and patterns with the negative experience, thus avoiding the butterflies performing mimicry. It is possible that birds even communicate their experience with other birds.
Bayesian mimicry was established by the naturalist Henry Walter Bates in 1862. He first observed that mimicry involved a palatable butterfly resembling an unpalatable, often toxic (有毒的),butterfly. This mimicry will only work when the toxic model species outnumbers the non-toxic species. He believed that mimicry was the result of edible butterflies producing mutations (突变)making them resemble their inedible cousins. This in turn resulted in the increased survival of the butterflies containing the mutation and resulted in the similarities between species. In 1879 another naturalist, Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller, observed that in some cases of mimicry both the mimic and the model are unpalatable. He considered this to be a cooperative mimicry and believed the species evolved side by side in a mutually beneficial relationship. If a bird tried to eat a member of either species, it would then avoid both. Wasp mimicry is similar to Bayesian mimicry, but instead of mimicking another unpalatable butterfly species, the mimic resembles a wasp to avoid predators.
The tiger complex is a group of around 200 species of Neotropical butterflies that are involved in the most well-known form of mimicry. It is named such because the patterns of all of the included species are black on a background of either orange or yellow, resembling a tiger. In the complex are many unpalatable species, a few toxic species and a large number of completely edible species. Members of the tiger complex are all known for congregating (集合)in large groups that would normally be easy food for birds. Fortunately, birds have no interest in them due to their mimicry.
Playa la Audiencia, Manzanillo Playa La Audiencia is one of the most popular beaches in Manzanillo for families and one of the best beach spots along Mexico's Pacific coast. Playa La Audiencia is a stunning little beach with a golden shoreline which overlooks the bay and offers great conditions for swimming, diving, and other cool water sports such as jet-skiing and kayaking. If you are a diving enthusiast, you'll definitely love spending time in Playa La Audiencia since its waters are shallow, calm and filled with rocks covered with corals. |
Playa Brujas, Mazatlan Playa Brujas is probably one of the best surfing spots in Mazatlan. Playa Brujas is located 20 minutes' drive from the heart of Mazatlan and it's a popular spot among local surfers. If you are a surfer looking to hit some waves along the west coast of Mexico, you'll find Playa Brujas a very good spot to visit since Brujas possesses satisfactory waves all year round. |
North Beach, Isla Mujeres North Beach is one of the nicest beaches in Isla Mujeres and it's one of Mexico's finest beaches in the Yucatan Peninsula. North Beach boasts a nice stretch of beach with white-powdery sand, warm turquoise waters and great diving spots. The best bit about North Beach besides its private location is that the beach is just minutes away by boat from Cancun, so you're never too far from Cancun's tourist attractions such as Wet n' Wild Paterpark and Xplor Eco Park, where you can enjoy caving adventures and zip-line rides. |
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