题型：阅读理解 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
北京市清华大学附属中学2019届高三英语第三次模拟考试试卷
On the banks of Tanzania's Lake Eyasi lives the world's last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落) — the Hadza. They don't grow food, raise animals or build houses. Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.
Their world is one of complete freedom — something modern society can barely imagine and is unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. Text messages and phone calls don't exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money — the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.
We spent our time with the Hadza hunting baboons (狒狒), a daily activity for the men. Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions. But a successful hunting trip is the difference between eating or going hungry.
The Hadza diet consists mainly of honey, fruit and meat. Men often hunt in pairs to shoot animals with bows and arrows. The Hadza show us how to track animals, from baboons to snakes to lions. They are hugely skilled with their handmade bows and arrows — we have a go and barely get the arrow to go three feet in front of us.
The language of the Hadza is believed to be the oldest still-spoken language known to man. The Hadza don't have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.
Unlike modern-day office workers, the Hadza enjoy an extraordinary amount of free time. Their “work” — hunting for food — takes up around five hours of their day. They've been in such a state of peaceful existence for thousands of years.
A. How to deal with listening practice B. Class atmosphere matters a lot in learning C. Monitoring activities is one of the main tasks of teachers D. How to evaluate student performance E. Group work needs organizing properly F. Communication skills play a big role in language learning |
Both instructors and learners can get benefits from the following learning strategies as long as they are properly made use of in language learning.
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The information presented in this section focuses on specific conversation, discussion, or presentation skills. The activities are generally self-explanatory, with students expressing opinions, making decisions, solving problems, planning presentations, and so on. Engaged in these activities, students have the possibility of communicating with each other in class. This section also includes lists of expressions used to illustrate different language functions, such as agreeing, disagreeing, and asking for clarity in order to help students expand their knowledge of English.
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In a speaking or listening course, students' anxieties can affect their learning. For this reason, it is important to establish a friendly, relaxed classroom environment. It may help students 10 think of the classroom as a laboratory where they can experiment and take risks with the language. In such circumstances, students should realize that errors are a natural and expected part of learning a language. In addition, one of the goals of this pan is to encourage students to examine their awn opinions and values while at the same time showing respect for the opinions and values of others.
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Many of the activities in this section involve the students' cooperating work in class. Generally, such an activity taken up by four members seem to work the best. Groups of three or five members may also be effective, depending on the activity. The first unit includes guidelines for organizing group work, with students taking on the following roles: leader, reader, summarizer, reporter, and observer (if necessary). Organizing all activities in this way makes the course truly learner-centered since students must take fall responsibility for carrying out each activity. As for seating, group members should arrange their seats or chairs in a small circle to encourage interaction.
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Being a teacher, in the course of group activities, you should circulate from group to group, which helps ensure that students are on task and are using English. While you should not participate in pair or group activities, you need to stay involved in what the students are doing. One important reason to circulate during activities is to keep track of the kinds of problems students have, such as grammatical accuracy, fluency, word choice, pronunciation and intonation discussion strategies, etc. However, it is generally not effective to correct students' errors when they arc involved in an activity. The most practical way to deal with communication problems is to make notes of what you observe as you arc circulating. You can then use this information to provide feedback after the activity or to develop future lessons.
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At the beginning of the course, when they need to build up their confidence, students benefit most from encouragement and positive comment. If possible, you'd rather not grade the students fust few efforts at speaking in a group or to the class. Many students suffer such anxiety in speaking situations that any criticism at this stage can have the opposite effects. Commenting on students' work does not necessarily mean grading them on the scene. Even if the programs requires formal grades, you should try to put off assigning grades until later in the term.
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