题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省常州“教学研究合作联盟”2018-2019高二下学期英语期中考试试卷
An inferiority complex(自卑情结) as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has strong feelings of inferiority. While we all have weak points, the person with an inferiority complex will focus on these weaknesses and use them to evaluate their overall worth. As a result, they see themselves generally less important or successful than others.
In some cases inferiority complex can lead to overcompensation. Here the individual does everything in his power to overcome his inferiority and this can mean that they end up in highly successful jobs, gaining great wealth and succeeding in powerful relationships. However while such a person might be a high achiever, a sense of inferiority will mean that they will always be less happy than they could be and it may have other negative impacts on their life.
Another possible outcome of an inferiority complex is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations and acting without any sense of worth or entitlement(权利). Here the person's low self belief changes the way he behaves, and that in turn changes the way he is treated by others which in turn results in him actually becoming inferior in some ways.
There are many factors that may lead to inferiority, but they tend to be the result of conditioned beliefs that come from continuous failure or criticism. Often parental attitudes can result in an inferiority complex if the child did not receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up. In some cases an inferiority complex could also arise as a result of some kind of defect(缺陷) either physical or mental.
If you are suffering from an inferiority complex, it's time that you did something about it.
One of the very best ways to improve your self esteem is to find a loving partner. This is a great way to make you more confident as he or she will love you for who you are and always be there to support you and increase your confidence. Another is to take up a hobby. Find one thing that you are good at and then get your confidence from that. For instance, you might choose to take up a sport or woodwork, and then you can practice getting better at that and gain more confidence. Moreover, you can turn to self-help book. If you find the right books and follow the advice carefully, then it is possible to transform the way you view yourself and the way you present yourself.
Concept of an inferiority complex |
An inferiority complex refers to a of self-worth and a mental state where people think they are not as good as others. |
Outcomes of an inferiority complex |
● People with an inferiority complex may misjudge their value and consider other people to themselves. ● People with an inferiority complex are likely to spare no to fight inferiority and becomes a higher achiever finally, but they may still feel less happy. ● An inferiority complex can lead people tofrom difficult situations and act improperly. |
of an inferiority complex |
● People who often lose out or are blamed continuously are more to suffer from an inferiority complex. ● Children having no to unconditional parental love and proper encouragement tend to have an inferiority complex. ● Physical or mental disabilities can increase the chances of an inferiority complex. |
Suggestions on overcoming an inferiority complex |
● Find a loving partner who will always love you and be around to you, which helps you be more confident. ● Choose something you are in and practise it for better, thus getting your confidence developed and increased. ● Find the most suitable self-help books and do as they advise, and you can change you view and represent yourself. |
Put a group of strangers in a room together, and they'll probably start a conversation. "Hot today, isn't it?" one might say. "You said it." another replies.
Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don't begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.
So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.
Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.
Third, keep eye contact (接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you don't know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.
Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!
Title | Small Talk: A Big {#blank#}1{#/blank#} |
Introduction | We are likely to make small talk when we {#blank#}2{#/blank#} meet people. |
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} | ❖ Small talk can help people form {#blank#}4{#/blank#} friendships. |
❖Small talk can also help people get a {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. | |
Advice | ❖Find some topics {#blank#}6{#/blank#} with the other person. |
❖Keep the talk going by making compliments and {#blank#}7{#/blank#} questions. ❖Keep eye contact in conversation to build {#blank#}8{#/blank#}. | |
❖{#blank#}9{#/blank#} more in order to make small talk easier. | |
Conclusion | Small talk really {#blank#}10{#/blank#} a lot to us. |
Attachment is not just a connection between two people; it's a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress(悲伤) during separation from that person.
According to psychologist John Bowilby, there are four critical characteristics of attachment. The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them. Attachments also create a safe shelter, meaning that during times of distress, fear, or uncertainty, we may seek out the people we're attached to for care and comfort. Next, attachment figures also offer a secure base for exploration. This is particularly important during childhood. This secure base allows kids to explore the world while they know they can still return to the safety of the attachment figure. Finally, we experience separation distress when parted from an attachment figure. For example, kids tend to become upset when parents have to leave them in the care of others.
Attachment serves a number of important purposes. For instance, it helps keep babies and children close to their caregivers so that they can avoid potential dangers, which in turn helps boost their chances of survival. However, if a child doesn't form a secure attachment to a caregiver, he or she will suffer from a number of problems including conduct disorder and oppositional -defiant (对立反抗的) disorder. Researchers also suggest that the type of attachment displayed early in life can have a lasting effect on later adult relationships.
Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted an experiment on social isolation in monkeys. Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and placed with surrogate mothers (代母). One mother was simply a wire armature (电枢) that held a bottle, while the other mother was covered with a soft terry cloth material. Harlow found that the baby monkeys would receive food from the wire mother, but preferred to spend most of their time with the soft mother. When compared to monkeys that had been raised by their birth mothers, the monkeys raised by surrogate mothers were shyer and more nervous and suffered from social and emotional problems.
All in all, developing secure and healthy attachments early in life is very important. Such attachments play a vital role in our future development.
Attachment |
|
Introduction to attachment |
Attachment means that you feel so connected to someone else {#blank#}1{#/blank#}that often want to contact him or her and you may feel distressed in the {#blank#}2{#/blank#}of the person. |
Characteristics of attachment |
·We enjoy the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} of those we're attached to, so we always take any chance we get to be with them. ·We may tum to attachment figures when experiencing negative emotions. ·Attachment figures are always {#blank#}4{#/blank#}and serve as powerful supporters when children {#blank#}5{#/blank#}their surroundings. ·Any {#blank#}6{#/blank#}from an attachment figure is an invitation to distress. |
Importance of attachment |
·Attachment makes children seek {#blank#}7{#/blank#} from their caregivers, thus enabling them to survive. ·{#blank#}8{#/blank#}to form a secure attachment with a caregiver leads to a series of problems in children. ·Childhood attachment influences later adult relationships. |
An experiment |
In a study, with their early attachments {#blank#}9{#/blank#}baby monkeys are likely to suffer mentally, {#blank#}10{#/blank#}and emotionally. |
Conclusion |
We should form secure and healthy attachments while young, because they will have important impacts on our future development. |
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