题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:困难
江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试卷
On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?
The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families. Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.
As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.
All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in — particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.
Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.
Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences— motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.
Actually, women leaders tend to be held to higher standards than their male counterparts, lgoye has felt this in Uganda. "Women who take up leadership positions in my country have to be tough, it's not easy at all," she said. "You are always aware that you are representing all women. You have to work extra hard to deliver, to perform, because if you do something wrong, they will say, 'Ah, you see, women!' "
Therefore, merely having women leaders can change the opportunities available for generations of women in a country. What leadership looks like in their country, how much of a voice the women leaders are having, influences what leadership is and what it means to its women.
What do women leaders have in common?
Introduction |
These female leaders come from different cultural and political backgrounds, but do they share any ? |
Findings of Madsen's research |
In their early years, these female leaders were enabled to express themselves and develop their confidence at dinner table. They got more chances to be to politics. ⚫ Different from men, their previous experiences help them work their way to the of their career ladder. |
Findings of the author's research |
All these female leaders their success to their family environment. ◇Unlike other children in her village, Igoye received with her sisters. ◇Ben Said was encouraged to debate among the family even when her opinions went her father's. ◇Despite the general convention of well, Chahal was brought up otherwise. ⚫ Women leaders have to work than men |
Conclusion |
Female leadership a lot to a nation and its women as well. |
Trust has been regarded as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}With whom will you share things that you don't want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friend may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.
Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life.
Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose.
There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most.
A. If your friends share their secrets, there's a good possibility that they have much faith in you. B. People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes. C. Two people cannot have identical reaction to a situation and different opinions do exist. D. In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships. E. No matter how close you are to your friend, you cannot take that comfort level for granted. F. However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle. G. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion. |
It's normal to wake briefly during the night. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.
Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you're awake , because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization, deep breathing, or meditation, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.
Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you've been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} A light snack might help relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.
A. Make relaxation your goal, not sleep. B. Put off worries and troubles. C. Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night. D. In fact, a good sleeper won't even remember it. E. Also avoid screens of any kind—computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads, F. You'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's sleep. G. A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body. |
A rejection letter is one of those letters that are not very easy to write.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. For example, organizations usually have to send rejection letters to applicants they cannot hire. So how to write a rejection letter?
Make the words professional and proper
What matters most in a rejection letter is the professional tone and wording. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Instead, your choice of words should make the reader feel that he or she would do the same thing if they were in your place.
Keep it clear and simple
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Nobody likes to read a long, winding rejection letter. Therefore, it is better to deliver the message of rejection in the beginning itself. Clearly state that you have decided to reject the request or application. Don't beat about the bush and don't try to give the impression that your decision could change{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Explain why your decision is good for everyone.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}
Conclude with a statement of goodwill(友好). You may have rejected this application, but if you intend to consider this person for another job in the future, you may express that as well. However, that isn't always necessary. In some situations such endings might offend(冒犯) the reader.
A. End on a positive note B. Make your decision as soon as possible C. Never give away what you are going to do D. Briefly state how you came to your decision E. A rejection letter doesn't have to be necessarily long F. Don't write anything that may make the reader feel bad G. Although writing a rejection letter can be difficult, there are situations when it's absolutely necessary. |
As is well-known, drinking water benefits one's health. Especially when you get up early in the morning, you'd better drink water. Here are some reasons why you should do so.
Improves Your Metabolism(新陈代谢)
Studies have shown that drinking water on empty stomach can help increase metabolic rate up by 30%. This means that the rate at which calories are burned increases by nearly one third. Do you know what that means? Quicker weight loss!
If your metabolic rate is high, then you will be able to digest food faster and maintain a slim figure despite eating those extra calories. However, this doesn't mean that you could bite down on all that junk food. Furthermore, you will need to drink around four litres of water daily for best results.
Helps in Clearing Your Bowels
Constipation(便秘) is one of the most irritating conditions which also results in deposit of poisonous materials inside the body. But did you know that one of the other benefits of drinking water is that it helps to clear out your bowels? The colon(结肠), which is in part responsible for bowel movements, require water to function properly. So just gulp down a glass of water and sit on your toilet for a clean colon.
Improves Your Appetite
Early in the morning, with your stomach totally empty, it is natural you will feel hungry. So another benefit of drinking water is preparing you to have the most important meal of the day — breakfast. Besides this, we all know that having a healthy appetite is good for overall health.
Helps to Balance Your Nervous System
Yes, drinking water on empty stomach especially if it's hot, can improve the health of your nervous system. Early morning, the stomach is most receptive. At this moment, if you indulge in coffee, which is a central nervous system stimulant, your nervous system will be affected from the get-go. On the other hand, if you just have a glass of warm water, it can ease your nervous system, which will help it function properly.
Prevents Migraine(偏头痛) Attacks
Again, if you tend to suffer from migraine attacks, then water can help fight it off. Your doctor might have already told you that migraines happen due to lacking water amongst other reasons. So just by increasing your water intake, you are basically preventing your chances from suffering another migraine attack.
Prevents Early Aging
And now to finish off, let's see how drinking water on empty stomach can prove to be some sort of good medicine. Water can help release toxins such as bacteria and other harmful elements from your system. This, in turn, can help your body fight the effects of free radicals(自由基) which can cause early ageing. Furthermore, if your skin doesn't lack water internally, it will feel refreshed, which can help it maintain a young state and shiny appearance.
Now that you've learned the above benefit of drinking water early in the morning, why not develop the healthy habit from now on?
Passage outlines |
Supporting details |
Introduction |
Drinking water early in the morning is{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to your health. |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}for drinking water |
•Drinking water every morning can quicken your metabolism, which means your ability to digest food is stronger than others. In this way, it helps you {#blank#}3{#/blank#} weight. |
•Gulping down a glass of water can help dean your colon, which {#blank#}4{#/blank#} accounts for bowel movements. |
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•Drinking water will make you {#blank#}5{#/blank#}for breakfast. |
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•Coffee{#blank#}6{#/blank#}to stimulate your central nervous system while a glass of warm water can help it function properly. |
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•{#blank#}7{#/blank#} are that you will be attacked by migraine if you lack water. |
|
•It can be good medicine to some{#blank#}8{#/blank#}to drink water on empty stomach. Water can prevent you from early aging because it can help{#blank#}9{#/blank#}some harmful materials from your system. |
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Conclusion |
•Due to so many benefits of drinking water after getting up in the morning, you should take{#blank#}10{#/blank#}now. |
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