题型：任务型阅读 题类：模拟题 难易度：困难
江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试卷
On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?
The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families. Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.
As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.
All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in — particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.
Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.
Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences— motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.
Actually, women leaders tend to be held to higher standards than their male counterparts, lgoye has felt this in Uganda. "Women who take up leadership positions in my country have to be tough, it's not easy at all," she said. "You are always aware that you are representing all women. You have to work extra hard to deliver, to perform, because if you do something wrong, they will say, 'Ah, you see, women!' "
Therefore, merely having women leaders can change the opportunities available for generations of women in a country. What leadership looks like in their country, how much of a voice the women leaders are having, influences what leadership is and what it means to its women.
What do women leaders have in common?
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Introduction |
These female leaders come from different cultural and political backgrounds, but do they share any ? |
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Findings of Madsen's research |
In their early years, these female leaders were enabled to express themselves and develop their confidence at dinner table. They got more chances to be to politics. ⚫ Different from men, their previous experiences help them work their way to the of their career ladder. |
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Findings of the author's research |
All these female leaders their success to their family environment. ◇Unlike other children in her village, Igoye received with her sisters. ◇Ben Said was encouraged to debate among the family even when her opinions went her father's. ◇Despite the general convention of well, Chahal was brought up otherwise. ⚫ Women leaders have to work than men |
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Conclusion |
Female leadership a lot to a nation and its women as well. |
Life is just like a box. Inside it are happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in it teach us new lessons and make us a better person.
Love
Love plays a key role in our life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could become cruel and violent. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with unconditional love and care. They tell us what is right or wrong, good or bad. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to the feelings of others. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.
Happiness and Sorrow
Materialistic happiness is shortlived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others gives a certain level of fulfillment. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.
Failure and Success
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}.It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way.
Hope and Despair
Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice—keep moving on in life and be hopeful.
Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be right or dull. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.
A. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour B. So the only alternative is work hard today C. But we always tend to take this for granted D. Success lies in trusting yourself E. So let's enjoy every day F. Failure is the path to success G. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness |
There is an old Spanish saying which states, “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week.” How many times have we put off our dreams tomorrow? {#blank#}1{#/blank#} We have to go for them now!
Tomorrow is not promised.
Nobody likes to talk about death, but everybody is going to die at one point. None of us know the day or the hour. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Don't go to your tomb(坟墓) with unrealized dreams. Make the decision to go after every dream, big or small right now.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}
One of the biggest dream killers is fear. Many people could have achieved amazing things if only they weren't afraid. Just think about all the things you've wanted to go, but allowed fear to convince you that you weren't talented, or good enough. Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create.
Take action to realize your dream.
You can dream about writing a great play, but it's never going to happen unless you actually put pen to paper. You can dream about finding a cure for cancer, but it will never happen unless you actually become equipped with the necessary tools to find that cure. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Possibilities are waiting on you.
There are so many amazing opportunities and people waiting on you. How do you get to them? Simple! Follow your dream. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} You'll never see those doors if you sit around waiting on a dream to happen, instead of actually working to make it happen.
A. Don't let fear win. B. In other words, dreams don't work unless you do. C. Our dreams should not, and cannot wait. D. Therefore, today is all we have. E. You'll be much happier if you go for it. F. You were born into the world with a unique gift, which nobody can copy. G. Doors that you couldn't imagine open up when you go after what you want. |
Why Is Recycling Important?
When you throw things away, you might be very glad to do it. Unfortunately, that's not the end of the story. The things we throw away have to go somewhere－usually they go off to be buried underground in a landfill (垃圾填埋) or burnt in an incinerator (焚化炉). Landfills can be terribly polluting. They look awful, they smell terrible, they take up space that could be used for better things, and they sometimes create harmful soil and water pollution that can kill fish in our rivers and seas.
One of the worst things about landfills is that they're wasting a huge amount of useful material. It takes a lot of energy and a lot of resources to make things, and when we throw those things in a landfill, at the end of their lives, we're also saying goodbye to all the energy and resources instead of burying it in landfills. That certainly has advantages: it reduces the amount of waste that has to be buried and we can get useful energy from it. But it can also produce harmful air pollution, and burning almost anything adds to the problem of global warming and climate change.
The trouble is, we're all in the habit of throwing things away. In the early part of 20th century, people used materials much more wisely－especially in World War Ⅱ, but in recent decades we've become a throwaway society. We tend to buy new things instead of getting old ones repaired. A lot of men use single-use razors (剃须刀), for example, instead of buying reusable ones, while a lot of women wear single-use stockings. Partly this is to do with the great convenience of throwaway items. It's also because they're cheap. But wasteful period in our history is coming to an end.
We're finally starting to realize that our lifestyle is creating problems for future generations. Earth is soon going to be running on empty if we carry on as we are. Americans have a much richer life than almost anyone else on Earth. What happens when people in developing countries such as India and China decide they want to live the same way as us? According to the environmentalists, we'd need two Earths to satisfy all their needs.
Why Is Recycling Important | |
Ways to deal with rubbish | •Bury rubbish underground in a land fill. •{#blank#}1{#/blank#}rubbish in an incinerator. |
Disadvantages of the landfill | •It looks terrible and smells bad. •It {#blank#}2{#/blank#} too much space which could be put to better use. •It pollutes soil and water. •Large amounts of{#blank#}3{#/blank#} materials are wasted. |
The advantages and disadvantages of burning rubbish | •The waste that needs to be buried is {#blank#}4{#/blank#} after burning. •It can{#blank#}5{#/blank#} useful energy. |
•It causes air pollution. •It has a bad {#blank#}6{#/blank#} on global warming and climate change. | |
The problem | •People are used to {#blank#}7{#/blank#} things away. •Both men and women prefer single-use products because they are {#blank#}8{#/blank#} and more convenient. |
The writer's concern | •The lifestyle of Americans now will create a {#blank#}9{#/blank#} for future generation. •If people all over the world {#blank#}10{#/blank#} their lives in the same way as Americans, the Earth will be ruined very quickly. |
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