题型：选词填空（语篇） 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
上海市嘉定区2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷
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A. combining B. analyzed C. concerned D. tremendously E. effective F. applied G. actually H. common I. limited J. assessing K. test |
Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age
New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预)for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.
There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be early in life, when children's brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it's time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.
Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.
A team led by Professor Frances Fardner data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on data from more than 150 different experiments.
What's more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were more likely to be cost-effective.
Professor Gardner commented: “When there is about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, 'it's never too early, never too late', rather than 'earlier is better'.”
The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.
Of course, there's more work to be done. The experiments conducted were to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for child behavior problems.
A. access B. alternatives C. designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H. innovative I. prospective J. separate K. supporting |
Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation's image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or {#blank#}1{#/blank#} , customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.
As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These {#blank#}3{#/blank#} solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.
As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers' response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been {#blank#}4{#/blank#} by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not {#blank#}5{#/blank#} to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that {#blank#}6{#/blank#} workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees'{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.
Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often {#blank#}8{#/blank#} demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company's image and will enable employees to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and their best.
All these {#blank#}10{#/blank#} of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.
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fall out with, even if, get away with, only if, appeal to, be familiar with prevent from, root for, in search of ,treat as be familiar to |
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pay attention to in danger of in peace die out do harm to |
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lose track of be determined to do concentrate on be best known for stay in touch with be in trouble have an effect on lead to up to cut down recover from manage to do to one's shock work out |
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