根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。（每个短语仅使用一次）

    The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories. To allow new memories to form, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain.

    Previous studies have shown that learning new information can lead to {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. But in a new study, researchers showed for the first time how this effect {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in the brain.

    In daily life, forgetting actually has clear {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} information, without old memories interfering.

    And most of us may sometimes feel {#blank#}5{#/blank#} when old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory is particularly interfering.

    When we get new information, the brain automatically tries to combine it with existing information by {#blank#}6{#/blank#} associations. And when we retrieve（检索）information, both the desired and {#blank#}7{#/blank#} but irrelevant information is recalled.

    The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to put greater {#blank#}8{#/blank#} on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

    A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. Though it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their {#blank#}9{#/blank#} ability troublesome. In a sense, normal forgetting may help to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.

    Now, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of the major{#blank#}1{#/blank#}of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global. Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of migrations, of wars, of shortage. A dangerous world. It is not the future we want for ourselves. It is not the future we want for our children. It is not the future we want for our world.

    Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decision to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his decision, but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the US and for our planet.

    I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Tonight, I wish to tell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know that you are a great nation. I know your history, our common history.

To all the scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them—come and work here with us, to work together on{#blank#}4{#/blank#}solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you: France will not give up the fight.

    I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remain irreversible and will be {#blank#}5{#/blank#}not just by France, but by all the other nations. Over the coming hours, I will have the opportunity to speak with our main partners to define a common strategy and to launch new {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. I already know that I can count on them.

    I call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}, because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to make our planet great again.

    FLORENCE, Italy - Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to a(n) {#blank#}1{#/blank#} friend and answer a fictional job ad.

    Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing {#blank#}2{#/blank#} population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

    Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard {#blank#}4{#/blank#} times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a {#blank#}5{#/blank#} for intolerance than integration. Others say it's only {#blank#}6{#/blank#} that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.

    Other European countries laid down a {#blank#}7{#/blank#} requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners join the society and promote understanding across cultures.

    Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has {#blank#}8{#/blank#} a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrant numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.

    Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent {#blank#}10{#/blank#} would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.

    Italians always "see me as a foreigner," an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.