题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
江苏省扬州中学2019届高三上学期英语12月月考试卷
Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles. By knowing how other members of your learn and organization think—and by others knowing how you think—everyone can be more productive. So how should you evaluate how you and your team think? After a lot of trial-and-error, we developed a three-step method that delivers practical and meaningful results.
Focus. Do you tend to pay the most attention to ideas, process, action, or relationships? For example, in the morning do you think about the problems you need to solve, the plans you need to make, the actions you need to take, or the people you need to see? This isn't about picking one to the exclusion(排除)of the other. It's about where your focus naturally lands.
Orientation(方向). A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings. Are you more likely to complain about getting dragged into the weeds or about things being too general and not specific enough? These dimensions are complementary(补充的)to personality, skills, and traditional roles.
Combination. By combing these two dimensions you can know about the thinking style at work in whatever context or setting you chose. When you know your thinking style, you know what naturally energizes you, why certain type of problems are challenging or boring, and what you can do to improve in areas that are important to reaching your goals. Once you know your style, it helps to share it with others, and have others share theirs with you. In this way, your thinking style becomes a useful tool—a kind of social currency—for the team. Imaging you put together a team to work on a new initiative(行动). Wouldn't you like to know who is energized by big-picture strategy discussions and who finds them frustrating? Who likes to work on the details of the execution? And who is energized by managing the team dynamics?
The landscape of business is changing rapidly, and we have to find new and better ways to connect and communicate. We all want to work better together, the challenge is actually making it happen. Understanding collaboration(合作)through the way of thinking rather than doing is a practical and powerful step forward.
What kind of Thinker Are You? |
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Introduction |
●Both assigned doing roles and thinking roles are important among team members. ●Team members knowing how each other think can productivity. |
Three steps in thinking styles |
●The first step is to identify the focus of your in a particular context. ●It is not about making an either-or, but about finding where your focus naturally lands. |
*The next stop is to identify your orientation swings toward the big picture or the details. *It can help others form a full understanding of you. |
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*The third step is to these two dimensions and see your thinking style at work. *It to the understanding of other team members' thinking styles. |
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In this rapidly changing world, understanding others think instead of what they do can help you work better together. |
A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat,and experts said it's time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We've put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,”said Fred Turek,a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday's study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index-a measure of weight based on height increased.
“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights,”it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,”the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary,as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,”it added.
“We caution that this study does not set up a causeandeffect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness,but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
In an interview,Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone,and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(部分重叠),”he said.
“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States,”it added,“leading to a variety of health problems.”
A new study having been {#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ||||
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} | in the past | diet and {#blank#}3{#/blank#} | ||
this time | sleep | |||
A study from Eastern Virginia Medical School | People | 1,000 were {#blank#}4{#/blank#} | ||
difference | Men slept 27ms less than women on {#blank#}5{#/blank#} | |||
Americans' problem | {#blank#}6{#/blank#} sleep and fat bodies | |||
conclusion | Weight loss set up {#blank#}7{#/blank#} between sleep & fatness. | |||
Reason | Less sleep causes protein hormone to {#blank#}8{#/blank#} | |||
concern | developing countries | rising with {#blank#}9{#/blank#} speed | ||
in the USA | quite {#blank#}10{#/blank#} |
“The gaokao,China's national college entrance exam,is winning more recognition as a way for universities overseas to evaluate Chinese students,”recruiting officers said.
Stanley Nel,vice-president of international relations at the University of San Francisco in the United States,who is responsible for the university's admissions from China,said he had had several inquiries from US universities about how to recruit Chinese students on the basis of their gaokao scores.
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts for students from other counties,including China,to apply to study in the US.
USF,a private university in California,started a pilot program to accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores in 2015.The idea came from USF President Paul Fitzgerald's belief that standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university."We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao,but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a 'criterion-referenced' exam: It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge,"he said.
Currently,at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances.The Illinois Institute of Technology,a private institution in Chicago,started the practice first,in 2009.Outside the US,countries including Spain,Italy,Singapore,France and Australia also recognize gaokao scores.
More than 200 students from China requested an interview with USF last year.74 of them were selected for a follow-up interview,44 received offers and 20 accepted the invitation and joined USF for the 2015 fall semester. Students admitted in this way have done "exceptionally well" in the past academic year,Nel added."The average GPA for all gaokao students is about 3.5 out of 4.For all other students—American and non-gaokao international students—American and non-gaokao international students—the average GPA is 3.2,"he said.
Zhu Zihao gained admission in computer sciences at USF in 2015 through the program and performed well in his first academic year.He said that students who had experienced China's gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge,which helps them excel in studies.
Nel said,"students admitted through China's gaokao are not only smart but extremely conscientious(认真的)and hardworking."
"This year we hope to recruit about 50 students in this way,and even more in years to come,"he said.
The gaokao | ||
Past situation | Universities in the US evaluated Chinese students according to two{#blank#}1{#/blank#}: The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}situation | The gaokao is increasingly{#blank#}3{#/blank#}as a way of evaluating Chinese students by universities abroad. | |
{#blank#}4{#/blank#}of the people concerned | Stanley Nel—the person responsible for the university's admissions from China | ●Chinese students having received good scores in the gaokao performed academically well when studying in America. ●Chinese students admitted through China' gaokao are smart, conscientious and{#blank#}5{#/blank#}. |
Paul Fitzgerald—USF President | ●Despite the{#blank#}6{#/blank#}the gaokao has received,it has its advantages.It tests students'{#blank#}7{#/blank#}to master a given body of knowledge. ●Some standardized tests cannot{#blank#}8{#/blank#}students' performance at the university well. | |
Zhu Zihao—a student admitted to USF in 2015 | The{#blank#}9{#/blank#}of the gaokao is helpful for the performance at the university well. | |
Future situation | More Chinese students will be recruited by the universities overseas{#blank#}10{#/blank#}on their performance in the gaokao. |
“Urgent action required”, “Do you still want to hear from us?”, “We've updated our privacy policy”, “Should we stop sending you updates? If not, act now!”
Many of us will have received emails like this during the past few weeks. Triggering this flood of emails is something called GDPR that comes into effect in just under two weeks' time. Often the emails warn that if you don't respond, you will be removed from the company's database, which raises a lot of questions. What action, if any, do you need to take? Could it affect you financially?
GDPR, which stands for General Data Protection Regulation, has been described as the biggest overhaul(彻底检查)of online privacy since the birth of the internet. It is designed to give all EU citizens the right to know what data is stored on them and to have it deleted, plus protect them from privacy breaches(破坏). It comes into effect on 25 May.
The new rules encourage the requirement for explicit and informed consent before data is processed. As a result, companies and organizations around the world are contacting users to check they are happy to carry on receiving their emails.
However, many of us seem to be going down with “GDPR fatigue(厌倦)”: one article last week claimed that the “reconfirmation rate” - the proportion of people saying they want to continue receiving a company's emails - at UK micro-businesses was averaging just 10%, which meant “they could lose 90% of their subscribers - the life-blood for their business”. So it's no wonder some firms have adopted policies such as offering to enter people into a prize draw in return for them going in and updating their communication preferences.
The average adult is said to have about 100 “data relationships” — companies and organizations that hold our personal data. Meanwhile, the reason why the company that occasionally emails you newsletters is now asking for your consent is perhaps because you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff. Maybe you only get its emails because you went to an event it organized ages ago or you once downloaded something from its website. Under the new regime, that almost certainly wouldn't count as explicit and informed consent, hence it's getting in touch now.
The bottom line is that if it is a company or organization that you want to continue hearing from, you should probably click the button or log in to ensure you keep getting its emails. If it doesn't hear from you, it may decide to take you off its database.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The influences of junk mails | ◆ They flood into our lives. ◆ They{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to remove us from certain databases. ◆ They cause receivers to be{#blank#}2{#/blank#} about the possible risks. |
The{#blank#}3{#/blank#}of GDPR | ◆ It will guarantee all EU citizens the{#blank#}4{#/blank#} to accept or refuse. ◆ It will require privacy {#blank#}5{#/blank#}from companies. |
The {#blank#}6{#/blank#}from most receivers and the policies adopted by some firms | ◆ Most receivers are{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to continue receiving such emails. ◆ Some firms hold activities so that people may win a {#blank#}8{#/blank#} if they go in. ◆ Some firms offer to update people's communication preferences. |
The reason and bottom line for companies sending such emails | ◆ Companies hope to obtain explicit{#blank#}9{#/blank#} from their users. ◆ The information you left {#blank#}10{#/blank#} doesn't mean you allow them to send you stuff. ◆ Without your reply, companies may take you off their databases. |
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