试题

试题 试卷

logo

题型:完形填空 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

河北省精英中学2018-2019学年度高三上学期英语第二次调研考试试卷

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore3 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 4 and makes experiments to prove them.

    The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle ages to suggest that we must learn science 9 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 10 many important truths.

    Galileo (1564­1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, 11 began to show how many important 12 could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 13 towards the earth than small ones, 14 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 15 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 16 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 17 of going direct to nature, and proving our 18 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

    What 19 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have 20 better results.

(1)
A、use B、time C、speed D、trust
(2)
A、relied B、based C、insisted D、centered
(3)
A、refuses B、desires C、intends D、regrets
(4)
A、casually B、carefully C、quickly D、secretly
(5)
A、natural B、physical C、ancient D、modern
(6)
A、date B、keep C、look D、come
(7)
A、study B、time C、year D、birth
(8)
A、both B、each C、between D、among
(9)
A、in B、with C、on D、by
(10)
A、brought B、discovered C、took D、gave
(11)
A、who B、when C、that D、where
(12)
A、truths B、problems C、people D、subjects
(13)
A、slowly B、rapidly C、lightly D、heavily
(14)
A、although B、because C、when D、if
(15)
A、place B、foot C、top D、ceiling
(16)
A、big B、small C、equal D、unequal
(17)
A、spirit B、skill C、theory D、discovery
(18)
A、plans B、opinions C、world D、ability
(19)
A、makes B、prevents C、considers D、promises
(20)
A、foreseen B、rejected C、produced D、challenged
举一反三
阅读理解

New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year. Yet, as the information industry moves forward, many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat. A "locavore" movement has emerged in the United States. The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably, rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.

Experts hold that eating local has many merits, and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability. Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest, a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area. By eating local, she argues, people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world. "There is a way of connecting the point, where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living," Barnett says.

The United States' agricultural output is one of the highest in the world, says Timothy Beach, a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. "There's just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive," Beach says of American agriculture. "Nobody can cut off the food we need."

However, the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil (化石) fuels, says Beach. Equipment used on "extremely productive" farms is quickly consuming Earth's natural resources, particularly oil. Additionally, the production of agricultural supplements (补充剂),such as fertilizer, uses large amounts of energy.

The world has used close to half of the global oil supply, Beach says, and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development. Although many businesses are experimenting with wind, solar, and biofuel, Beach says there's nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it. "There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably. Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating local," he says.

 阅读理解

Intelligence is traditionally viewed as the ability to think and learn. Yet in a complex world, there's another set of cognitive (认知的) skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink. Therefore, my aim in this book is to explore how rethinking happens by seeking out the most convincing evidence and some of the world's most skilled rethinkers.

The first section focuses on opening our own minds. You'll find out why a forward-thinking businessman got trapped in the past, how a Nobel Prize-winning scientist welcomes the joy of being wrong, how the world's best forecasters update their views, and how an Oscar-winning filmmaker has productive fights.

The second section examines how we can encourage other people to think again. You'll learn how an international debate champion wins arguments and an African-American musician persuades people to abandon discrimination (歧视). You'll discover how a special kind of listening helped an officer convince the opposing side to join in peace talks. And if you're a Yankees fan, I'm going to see if I can convince you to root for the Red Sox.

The third section is about how we can create communities of lifelong learners. In social life, a lab that specializes in difficult conversations will cast light on how we can communicate better about debated issues like climate change. In schools, you'll find out how educators teach kids to think again by treating classrooms like museums, and approaching projects like rewriting time-honored textbooks. I close by examining the importance of reconsidering our best-laid plans.

This book is an invitation to let go of knowledge and opinions that are no longer serving you well, and to establish your sense of self in flexibility rather than consistency. If you can master the art of rethinking, I believe you'll be better positioned for success at work and happiness in life. Thinking again can help you generate new solutions to old problems and revisit old solutions to new problems. It's a path to learning more from the people around you and living with fewer regrets.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week's IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.

The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. "Pain is a system that protects us, "says Kuchn. "When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt. "So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.

They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片)modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.

Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common —if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin's work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Spiders are master builders, expertly turning silk into complex 3D webs that serve as their home and hunting ground. To gain a deeper understanding of their world, scientists have translated the structure of a spider's web into music, which could have applications ranging from better 3D printers to cross-species communication. 

    "The spider lives in an environment of vibrating strings, "says Markus Buehler, the project's principal investigator. "They don't see very well, so they perceive their surroundings by detecting vibrations, which have different frequencies." Such vibrations occur, for example, when the spider stretches a strand of silk during construction or when the wind or a trapped fly moves the web. 

    The researchers scanned a natural spider web to capture 2D cross-sections and reconstructed its 3Dnetwork using a mathematical model. They assigned different frequencies of sound to strands of the web, creating musical "notes" that they combined in patterns based on the web's 3D structure to generate music. Then they made a harp-like (像竖琴的) virtual instrument and played the spider web music in several live performances around the world, creating an inspiring harmony of art and science. 

    To gain insights into how spiders build webs, the researchers also scanned a web during construction. transforming each stage into music with different sounds. "The spider's way of ‘printing' the web is remarkable because no support material is used, as is often needed in current 3D printing methods," Buebler says. This knowledge could help develop new 3D printers that work like spiders, enabling them to construct complex structures without using additional materials for support. 

    The team is also interested in learning how to communicate with spiders in their own language. They recorded web vibrations produced when spiders performed different activities. such as building a web. communicating with other spiders or sending signals to admirers. "Now we're trying to generate signals to basically speak the language of the spider, "Buehler says. "If we expose them to certain patterns of vibrations, can we affect what they do or can we begin to communicate with them? Those are really thrilling ideas, and I believe they could be achieved in the near future."

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    China is promoting the commercial {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (apply) of intelligent connected vehicles. As of now, the country {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (establish) 7 pilot areas for the Internet of Vehicles and 17 national level intelligent connected vehicle test and demonstration bases. Bloomberg predicted in April {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Elon Musk would like to test its fully automated driving technology in China, because China's artificial intelligence driven autonomous vehicle market "shows great prospects". 

    According to the forecast {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (release) by the China Institute of Information and Communication Technology during the WIC period, accelerating the large-scale application of Level 4 autonomous driving, with Level 6 being the highest, {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (be) of great significance in leading the development of the automotive industry and establishing new national competitive advantages. {#blank#}6{#/blank#}, there are still many challenges to overcome for autonomous driving. 

    The report urges {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (provide) safety guarantees for autonomous driving and integrating it {#blank#}8{#/blank#}the transportation system; It added that the use of unmanned driving should be expanded and a commercial closed-loop for research, testing, and operation should be established. In addition, {#blank#}9{#/blank#} advocates for innovative policies and regulations to ensure legal protection for autonomous driving and establish {#blank#}10{#/blank#}inclusive and positive social environment to accelerate the commercial operation of autonomous driving services. 

返回首页

试题篮