修改时间：2021-07-09 浏览次数：89 类型：期末考试
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, meets each year to choose the latest additions to its World Heritage list. Today, let's have a quick look at some of the latest additions.
Ruins of Liangzhu City(China)
The ruins of Liangzhu stand for an early state with a collective (集体的) belief system based on rice growing, dating from 3,300 to 2,300 BC. The ruins, UNESCO says, are a "good example of one of the earliest urban civilizations (文明)" They also include a water conservation (保护) system and different kinds of burying grounds.
Jaipur City(India)
Also known as the Pink City, Jaipur is an amazing achievement in urban planning and building. Founded in 1727, it is now recognizable for its large public squares, palaces, markets and pink buildings. UNESCO says Jaipur's urban planning shows an "exchange of ideas from ancient Hindu as well as modern Mughal and Western cultures".
Architecture (建筑) of Frank Lloyd Wright(United States)
UNESCO also recognized the work of famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The group added eight of his buildings to the World Heritage list. They include the Guggenheim Museum in New York City, Hollyhock House in Los Angeles, California and Unity Temple in Chicago, Illinois. The World Heritage Committee said in a statement that Wright's work "had a strong influence on the development of modern architecture in Europe". The Guggenheim is Wright's most famous building. It was completed in 1959, the same year Wright died.
On January 1, the Canadian city of Montreal is set to ban (禁止) the horse-drawn carriages on the street. Jean-Francois Parenteau, a spokesman for the city of Montreal, said "It is a tradition that has long been appreciated. But today, I think it is time to move on." He added that it is important for the city to "care about animals".
His speech was welcomed by Galahad, an organization that seeks to protect horses and had cam paigned (发起……运动) for the ban. Its founder, Chamie Angie Cadorette, said the horses faced hard working conditions.
"It is not just an hour a day. It is eight hours a day to go up and down the roads in traffic. The carriage owners are treating their animals very badly," she said.
"They say the animals are being abused. Prove it," said carriage business operator Luc Desparois. His company, which has 15 horses and employs 15 carriage drivers, recently led a legal battle against the ban and failed.
Nathalie Matte, another carriage operator in the city, said that the carriages had become an important part of Montreal's culture over the years. "They have been around since Montreal started and many people are clearly drawn to the beauty of the horses," he said.
Mujtaba Ali was visiting Montreal while traveling through Canada. "It's a special way to see the city rather than just taking the bus or the subway," he said.
After being pressured by animal rights groups for years, at first the city government had tried to satisfy the animal activists by banning the horses from the streets when summer temperatures rose. But they kept pushing for a total ban. A turning point happened in 2018 when a horse died on the street while pulling a carriage. The incident forced Montreal Mayor Valerie Plante to support the removal of horse-drawn carriages from the city. The ban is expected to put about 50 carriage operators and their horses out of work.
Archaeologists(考古学家)have discovered at least 58 shipwrecks(沉船)filled with ancient objects near the islands of Fournoi in the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey. The discovery is believed to be the largest collection of shipwrecks ever found in the Mediterranean. They gathered there over a long time period, from time of ancient Greece to the 20th century. But most of the ships are from the time of the Greek, Roman and Byzantine civilizations.
Peter Campbell is leading the underwater research of the wrecks for the RPM Nautical Foundation, a group that studies ancient objects. He said, "The excitement is difficult to describe. I mean, it was just unbelievable. We knew that we had come across something that was going to change the history books. "
The international team began the underwater study in 2015. They found 22 shipwrecks that year. That number has climbed to 58 with the latest discovery. The team believes there are even more secrets lying on the seabed below.
Campbell called it "one of the top archaeological discoveries of the century". He told Reuters, "We now have a new story to tell of a trading road that connected the ancient Mediterranean."
The wrecks and their contents show ships carrying goods from nearby areas like the Black Sea, Greece, Turkey, Armenia and Italy. Other goods come from places farther away such as Spain, Sicily, Cyprus, Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa.
The team has raised more than 300 ancient objects from the shipwrecks, including many tall jars(广口瓶)with two ears used by ancient Greek and Roman people to carry liquid.
Campbell said, "Those jars are used mainly for transporting liquids and semi-liquids in the past, so the goods it would be transporting were mostly wine, oil, fish sauces, perhaps honey." He added that fish sauce from the Black Sea area was rare and precious in ancient times.
Until now, much of the effort in search for life on the other planets has been on finding liquid water, because most of the extremely important chemical reactions that happen in plants and animals can only take place in the presence of water. And water is very common. In fact, the elements (元素) that make water (hydrogen and oxygen) are the first and third richest chemicals in the universe. This means that we can find water almost everywhere we look, from the surface of planets in our Solar System to the depths of space.
But for life as we know it to exist, it needs a planet where water exists in a liquid state, or its cells (细胞) would freeze or boil away. Earth is the only known planet that stays in a perfect position from our Sun to support water in a liquid state. Astronomers call this perfect distance from a star the "habitable (宜居的)" or "Goldilocks zone".
Scientists last year discovered that there is liquid water on the Mars, which made a lot of people very excited since finding a world within a star's habitable zone where liquid water can exist would be a great start to finding life.
Water is also found on the Mercury, and there are vast water oceans on some of Jupiter's and Saturn's moons. But we still haven't found life on the Mars, or any other planet in our Solar System.
Therefore, finding liquid water isn't enough. We still need to be able to detect other conditions that support life forms (scientists call them "biosignatures"). For example, we have to look into a planet's atmosphere and see what gasses are in it. If we find a planet with lots of oxygen, we have one more evidence to support the idea that there may be life there. Unfortunately, at the moment, it is not possible for us to detect the biosignatures on Earth-like planets beyond Mars. We have not perfected the technology to do it yet.
Like the problem of hunger, food waste is a global problem, which resists (抵抗) to quick fixes. But if each of us takes steps to cut food waste in our homes, we will decrease the burden on the environment and help to feed more people. Here are some of the tested tips.
Before heading to the grocery store, we should make a meal plan. Buy only the food we need for the meal plan. Well-planned shopping not only cuts the food waste but also protects our wallet.
Buy frozen produce.. So start buying frozen vegetables instead. And there's no nutritional loss here. Frozen vegetables are just as nutritious as fresh ones-sometimes even more so.
Make juice or soup. When we happen to have more fresh produce than we can eat, take out the expensive juice-maker that we never use and treat ourselves to some fresh juice.
Use clear containers to store leftovers.. When we can see what is in the containers, they're just less possible to disappear into the back of the fridge (冰箱).
Hopefully, one or two of these ideas can be helpful in fixing the food waste problem.
If each of us is able to keep just one more pound of food out of the trash each week, together we could cut food waste by over 5 million pounds each year!
A. Shop more frequently
B. Plan meals before shopping
C. Also be sure to share your tips with us
D. And don't undervalue the effect of these small changes
E. One glass of juice can use up several pounds of produce
F. We can do a better job by putting the leftovers in see-through containers
G. Most of our food waste is fresh vegetables that go bad before we eat them
Alan Naiman was known for being very careful about how he spent his money. He lived like a very1man. He was always in old shoes. He2at grocery stores and took his friends out to lunch at the cheapest3.He loved nice4,but he drove his old truck for the most of his life. Even those closest to him had no idea how much money he had5 until he died of cancer at age 63 in 2018.
After his6, people eventually found out that he had given $ 11 million to charities（慈善组织） that help 7children. The amount was so large that it even8his best friends and the organizations that received his gifts.
"His parents passed away when he was very young. He grew up with his disabled brother. It might have9 the way he looked at children with disability," said his close friend Susan. "Perhaps he had realized how unfair10 could be for them. "
"Naiman had been taking on11 jobs to earn more money but he rarely spent on himself," said another friend.
But 12 of them agreed that his feeling to his elder brother had a big effect on him, 13 he never spoke of it.
Many of the 14that received Naiman's donations said they did not know him and were surprised by his gifts. The Pediatric Interim Care Center, which15 babies born with disability, was one of them. It received $ 2.5 million from Naiman's will(遗嘱).
"We would never 16 that something like this would happen to us," said Barbara Drennen, owner of the Center. "I would have loved to have had him 17 the babies he's protecting.
Naiman, who had been a banker at the Wall Street, worked for the past 20 years at the state Department of Social and Health Services, 18 late-hour calls in the evenings. During his 19days, he took on as many as 3 jobs sometimes. He tried his best to make and save money for this "pure love"20.
Throughout the history of mankind, people have been communicating with body languages. In many (situation), the way you say something is far more important than what you say. (communicate) better with others, you are expected to pay attention to eye contact. It can signal friendliness or unfriendliness, interest or boredom, and understanding or confusion.
In Western cultures, keeping eye contact in conversations is (particular) important. As a matter fact, a westerner might consider a lack of eye contact as a lack of interest. In Spain, Italy and Greece, people stand close together talking to each other, eye contact is more frequent and lasts (long).
In many Asian cultures, avoiding direct eye contact is one of the ways to show respect. It is done during the talk with anyone older. Habits like this can cause problems when people do not understand (they). For example, Asian might close his eyes in concentration or look down while (listen) to a speaker. A Western speaker might think the man is not interested.
However, in both West and East, totally avoiding eye contact might be considered a lack of politeness, but staring at others is also considered rude and should (avoid).
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从 第 11 处起）不 计分 。
The book I'm reading talks about the afternoon tea in the Britain. According to the book, it is called the afternoon tea today starts in the early 1800's. Having tea in the later afternoon provided a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not being served until 8 o'clock in the evening. Interesting, the afternoon tea custom soon led a rapid growth in the porcelain (瓷器) industry.
Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handle (柄). When tea became popularity in Britain, there was a crying need for the porcelain industry to produce cup with handles to suit the new need.
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