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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

江西省新余市2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期末质量检测卷

阅读理解

    When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate?

    Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-tern, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term. They will also experience fear.

    Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with .his emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place m leadership.

    The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day, or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today's work place is all about relationships.

    Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they're recognized and valued as a human being as well as worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people.

    The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

(1)、An employee man have a feeling of fear in the work place when       .
A、he is forced to do things B、he cannot work at his best C、he feels his brain shut down D、he thinks of his work as too heavy
(2)、Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A、People tend to associate leadership with fear. B、Good relationship is the key to business success. C、Smart people are more functional in the work place. D、Working conditions affect people's physical health.
(3)、To positively influence employees, a leader should first of all        .
A、develop his own personality B、provide better suggestions C、give his employees a pay raise D、hide his own emotion of fear
(4)、Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader's ability to        .
A、provide a variety of projects for employees B、help raise employees' living standards C、give employees specific instructions D、deal wisely with employees' emotions
举一反三
阅读理解

New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year. Yet, as the information industry moves forward, many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat. A "locavore" movement has emerged in the United States. The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably, rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.

Experts hold that eating local has many merits, and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability. Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest, a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area. By eating local, she argues, people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world. "There is a way of connecting the point, where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living," Barnett says.

The United States' agricultural output is one of the highest in the world, says Timothy Beach, a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. "There's just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive," Beach says of American agriculture. "Nobody can cut off the food we need."

However, the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil (化石) fuels, says Beach. Equipment used on "extremely productive" farms is quickly consuming Earth's natural resources, particularly oil. Additionally, the production of agricultural supplements (补充剂),such as fertilizer, uses large amounts of energy.

The world has used close to half of the global oil supply, Beach says, and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development. Although many businesses are experimenting with wind, solar, and biofuel, Beach says there's nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it. "There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably. Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating local," he says.

 阅读理解

Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

 阅读理解

This morning, I saw the shocking headline: "Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode". In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased(死者)said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.

On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish(亚米希人),a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish's quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.

On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.

Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect.

Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.

 阅读短文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Peasants (Ⅱ)

At noon they hoe up weeds;

Their sweat drips on the soil.

Who knows the rice that feeds

Is the fruit of hard toil!

Food is a necessity for survival. But do you know how much work goes into producing it? The poem The Peasants (II), {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (write) by Li Shen, a Tang Dynasty poet, shows {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (we) the hardship of the peasants.

The first two lines describe a common scene {#blank#}3{#/blank#} peasants are working their lands at noon with the sun {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (hang) high in the sky, sweat dripping. In the last two lines, the poet {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (direct) points out that the rice we eat is the fruit of peasants' hard work.

Simple as the poem is in its language, it is profound in the theme, reminding people {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the significance of treasuring food. According to the FAO, an estimated 1.3 billion tons of food, or one-third of {#blank#}7{#/blank#} total food produced for human consumption, is wasted globally each year. Therefore, it's highly suggested that every grain of rice {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (value). In China, we have adopted a law on food waste {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (offer) legal backing to the country's efforts which not only safeguard food security {#blank#}10{#/blank#} promote the traditional virtue of thrift (节俭) as well.

Next time you want to throw away food, please think twice.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

During the Christmas season, Care Bears dressed in Santa Claus hats and other decorations, an {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(adore)toy favoured by kids, can be {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(easy)found on the shelves of shopping malls in the United States. Care Bears are multicoloured bears {#blank#}3{#/blank#} are used on greeting cards and later turned into plush(毛绒) bears. 

Before these stuffed animals reached their destination, they {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(produce)in Qinling Mountains in China and journeyed for almost a month across the ocean. 

Min Hua, manager of Ankang Heng'an Toy Ltd. said the production of a Care Bear involves nearly 20 workers covering eight {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(procedure). After {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(apply)textile(纺织品) printing on piece goods, workers would add embroidery (纺织品刺绣). Then, they use machines to cut patterns, sew them by following the given draft, {#blank#}7{#/blank#} stuff them. Min Hua noted the toy factory is highly labor-hungry, and that was {#blank#}8{#/blank#} the company chose to settle down in Ankang, where labour and land costs were relatively low. 

{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (ensure)quick delivery, in 2020, the local government and Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd. (SIPG) co-found a logistics (物流的) company named Ankang SIPG, ensuring multimodal transport {#blank#}10{#/blank#} a lower cost. 

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Perhaps you know them as "taters," "spuds," or "Kennebees," or as "chips," "Idahoes," or even "shoestrings. " No matter, a potato by any other name is still a potato - the world's most widely grown vegetable. As a matter of fact, if you are an average potato eater, you will put away at least 100 pounds of them each year. 

That's only a tiny amount grown every year, however. Worldwide, the annual potato harvest is over 6 billion bags. Each bag contains 100 pounds of potatoes, some of them as large as four pounds each. Here in the United States, farmers fill about 400 million bags a year. That may seem like a lot of "taters, " but it leaves the United States a distant third among world potato growers. Polish farmers dig up just over 800 million bags a year, while the Russians lead the world with nearly 

1. 5 billion bags. 

People eat potatoes in many ways-baked, mashed, and roasted, to name just three. However, in the United States most potatoes are devoured in the form of French fries. One fast-food chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year. No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared. 

Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants, it must pass many separate tests. Fail any one of these tests and the potato is rejected. For example, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used. These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water. Once cut into "shoestrings" shapes, the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oils, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants. 

So, now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no "small potatoes. " 

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