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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

河南省创新发展联盟2017-2018学年高一下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    As our cell phones get smarter, smaller and faster, and enable users to connect at high speeds to the Internet, an obvious question arises: is the mobile handset into the next computer? In one sense, it already has.

    Today's most complicated mobile phones have the processing power of a mid-1990s PC while using 100 times less electricity. And more and more of today's mobile phones have computer-like features, allowing their owners to send e-mails, browse(浏览)the Web and even take photos? 84 million mobile phones with digital cameras were shipped last year. We ask the question whether mobile phones will ever overshadow or replace the PC, and the issue suddenly becomes questionable. PC supporters say mobile phones are too small and connect too slowly to the Internet to become effective at tasks now performed on the large screens and keyboards of today's computer. Fans of the mobile phones respond: just wait. Coming techniques will solve the limitation of the mobile phone. “One day, two or three billion people will have cell phones, and they are not going to have PCs,” says one inventor of the smart phone and the chief technology officer of an important smart phone company. “The mobile phone will become their digital life.”

    The inventor's a newest product, the shiny, slim pocket-size cell phone, has a tiny keyboard, a built-in digital camera and narrow openings for added memory. The smart phone market makes up only five percent of overall mobile phone sales today, but the figure has been doubling each year. In the United States, it's the business crowd that's primarily buying these handsets. “What makes the smart phone so much better than the computer is that it's always with you, always up and always ready,” says one of them, who works in an 80-member law firm, which recently started giving its lawyers smart phones instead of laptops.

(1)、What's the author's attitude toward whether the mobile phone can be turned into the next computer to some extent?
A、Indifferent. B、Disapproving. C、Supportive. D、Negative.
(2)、PC supporters believe that          in the future.
A、computers will work more effectively at tasks B、computers will perform better with large screens and keyboards C、mobile phones will be too small to be compared with computers D、mobile phones will not replace the computer
(3)、Fans of the mobile phones think          in the future.
A、they have no choice but to wait to see what happens B、the limitations of the mobile phone will be solved by new techniques C、two or three billion people will have cell phones D、the mobile phone will become their digital life
(4)、In the third paragraph, the underlined word “figure” refers to         .
A、the inventor's newest product, the shiny, slim pocket-size cell phone B、two or three billion people who are not going to have PCs C、84 million mobile phones with digital cameras D、the five percent of the total mobile phone's market share
举一反三
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Machines work well at a constant speed —and the faster the better.Whether they are spinning cotton {#blank#}1{#/blank#}dealing with numbers,regular,repetitive actions are what they excel at.

Increasingly,our world is being designed by machines and for machines.We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards:People {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(judge)by the speed at which they respond, not the quality of their response."Always on"becomes something to take pride {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.When I ask people {#blank#}4{#/blank#} they are doing,they almost always answer "busy".Ticking things off the "to do"list becomes{#blank#}5{#/blank#}means of defining ourselves. {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (occupy)if not with work then with family or our social networks,most of us feel exhausted.

A few years ago,I became very interested in what it meant {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(pause).I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life.For example,I realized when I was writing,a short walk was a(n) {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(effective)way to focus than concentrating harder.The small walk acted as a pause, {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(enable)me to rest,reflect or refresh,appreciate and break a block in my {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(creative).I realized that pause is not nothing!

A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups.Even time itself isn't a uniform raw material —as the physics of Einstein shows.

 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people hardly visited.The house was very old and the owner hardly ever came out.When he did come out he would not say hello to neighbors or passers-by but simply just glare(瞪眼看)at them.

The boy knocked on the door and waited,sweating from fear of the old man.The boy's parents told him to stay away from the house.A lot of the other neighborhood children were told the same from their parents.

As he was ready to walk away,the door slowly opened."What do you want?" the old man said.The little boy was very afraid but he had a quota(份额) to meet for school with selling the magazines.

"Uh,sir,I uh am selling these magazines and uh I was wondering if you would like to buy one." The old man just stared at the boy.The boy could see inside the old man's house and saw that he had dog figurines(小狗雕像) on the wall."Do you collect dogs?" the little boy asked."Yes,I have many collections in my house.They are my family here.They are all I have." The boy then felt sorry for the man,as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul."Well,I do have a magazine here for collectors.It is perfect for you.I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much." The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said,"No,boy,I don't need any magazines of any kind,now goodbye."

The little boy was sad that he was not going to make his quota with the sale.He was also sad for the old man being so alone in the big house that he owned.The boy went home and then had an idea.He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt.The figurine did not mean nearly as much to him since he had a real live dog and a large family.

注意:1)续写词数应为150左右;

2)请按如下格式作答。

The boy headed back down to the old man's house with the figurine.

From that day on something changed inside the old man.

 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Guilty Pleasures?

You might have heard of the expression ‘a guilty pleasure'—maybe it's the chocolate bar you buy on the way home from work, or the new clothes that you don't really need. It comes from the idea that when we treat ourselves, it can sometimes leave us feeling guilty. Perhaps we don't feel we deserved it, or we don't think it was a responsible way to spend our money. But should we feel like this? {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

Perhaps not. Psychologists have suggested that buying things for yourself can make you feel better as it provides an opportunity to take control of your situation. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} It may be that as well as lifting your mood, when you buy a treat, you might just be looking after yourself.

Of course, there are also examples of people turning to destructive behaviour when faced with stressful circumstances. People might spend money that they don't have at all or turn to some dangerous addictions. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Self-indulgence can be reckless and have negative consequences, while self-nurturing is taking responsible decisions to satisfy our needs and take care of ourselves in ways that don't have a significant impact.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Many universities publish guides with advice for coping with exam stress. It's essential to reflect the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurture. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} They also suggest doing things that you enjoy much and are good at so that you can feel accomplishment and to avoid things that may make you feel worse afterwards.

So perhaps, as long as we make responsible decisions, we shouldn't feel guilty about our guilty pleasures.

A. Do we need to have a guilty or clear conscience?

B. Do we really have to feel guilty about treating ourselves?

C. One stress that people may need to deal with is exam stress.

D. Psychologists recommend rewarding yourself for your efforts.

E. So we should keep a balance between self-indulgence and self-nurturing.

F. It can give you social contact and a confidence boost by changing your image.

G. Psychologist Leon Seltzer considers the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurturing.

 阅读理解

Intelligence is traditionally viewed as the ability to think and learn. Yet in a complex world, there's another set of cognitive (认知的) skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink. Therefore, my aim in this book is to explore how rethinking happens by seeking out the most convincing evidence and some of the world's most skilled rethinkers.

The first section focuses on opening our own minds. You'll find out why a forward-thinking businessman got trapped in the past, how a Nobel Prize-winning scientist welcomes the joy of being wrong, how the world's best forecasters update their views, and how an Oscar-winning filmmaker has productive fights.

The second section examines how we can encourage other people to think again. You'll learn how an international debate champion wins arguments and an African-American musician persuades people to abandon discrimination (歧视). You'll discover how a special kind of listening helped an officer convince the opposing side to join in peace talks. And if you're a Yankees fan, I'm going to see if I can convince you to root for the Red Sox.

The third section is about how we can create communities of lifelong learners. In social life, a lab that specializes in difficult conversations will cast light on how we can communicate better about debated issues like climate change. In schools, you'll find out how educators teach kids to think again by treating classrooms like museums, and approaching projects like rewriting time-honored textbooks. I close by examining the importance of reconsidering our best-laid plans.

This book is an invitation to let go of knowledge and opinions that are no longer serving you well, and to establish your sense of self in flexibility rather than consistency. If you can master the art of rethinking, I believe you'll be better positioned for success at work and happiness in life. Thinking again can help you generate new solutions to old problems and revisit old solutions to new problems. It's a path to learning more from the people around you and living with fewer regrets.

 阅读理解

A good story. That's what influences our choice to buy a book the most. Right? Some of the biggest-selling novels of all time just so happened to be attached to major publishers. Indeed, any reading lover will be familiar with the countless publishing houses that have brought brilliant works to the market. So in theory, perhaps a publisher does matter. 

Every time you read a book that you enjoy, you likely look at the publisher attached to it. That name is a signal that they will produce other content that fits with that same style. It makes a lot of sense to continue to purchase texts from a company that is telling the kinds of stories that you enjoy the most. Consumer habits are thus based on trust that a publisher will be consistent in the books they deliver and that investing time in them is more reliable than an untested source.

The strength of the author themselves can also play into that. After all, well-liked authors are often signed to a book deal with a select few publishers, strengthening the brand further. 

Of course, a publisher would be nothing without its logo, which is a major call-to-arms for all fans of the brand. The top publishers in the world instantly recognizable imagery, which catch the attention while summing up the name of a brand in an instant. That thus builds our association with a given name. The fun penguin shape of Penguin Random House is so iconic, for example, that it could not be confused with any other publishing business.

There might be a place for those indie (独立经营的) book companies, with occasional stories breaking through and forcing people to take notice. In truth that's far less common than you expect. Expert Cassandra Davis, however, provides a hopeful insight. "Indie bookshops are more likely to stock an indie publisher's books, especially if the author is local to the bookshop." She says. Therefore, supporting local bookshops is a vital way to keep the indie industry alive and change these trends.

 阅读理解

A significant proportion of the American populace within the working-age demographic are encountering challenges in meeting the financial demands associated with health care, as per a recent comprehensive evaluation. This study, which is the inaugural edition of the Health Care Affordability Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, reveals that a substantial 51 percent of adults falling within the age bracket of 19 to 64 years have expressed that affording health care for themselves and their family is either exceedingly challenging or moderately difficult. This observation encompasses 43 percent of individuals who are beneficiaries of health insurance provided by their employers and an even higher 57 percent who have secured health insurance through a marketplace or have opted for an individual plan.

Additionally, it is noteworthy that nearly one-half of the working-age adults who are under the Medicare program and 45 percent of those who are recipients of Medicaid also admit to facing hardships in covering their health care expenses. It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses.

The aforementioned survey, which is based on a sample that is representative of the nation and comprises nearly 7,900 individuals who are 19 years of age or older, was carried out from the mid-point of April through the month of July in the current year. This survey follows on the heels of another analysis conducted by the research entity known as KFF, which demonstrated an upward trend in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023.

The newly disseminated analysis has further unearthed that 38 percent of the individuals who participated in the survey identified cost as the primary factor that led them or a family member to either forgo or postpone the receipt of necessary health care services or the procurement of prescribed medication within the last 12 months. This includes 29 percent of those who are under the protection of employer-based coverage, 37 percent who are insured through individual and marketplace health plans, 42 percent who are covered by Medicare, and 39 percent who are recipients of Medicaid.

Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated.

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