题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
广西南宁市第八中学2016-2017学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷
The Bystander (旁观者) Effect
When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty” Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help.The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect.Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.
In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and
A. They hesitate and assess the risk of getting hurt
B. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.
C. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear.
D. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility.
E. they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
F. none of the people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help.
G. the attacker didn't stop stabbing her.
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How to Survive Embarrassing Moments
Have you ever done something embarrassing? At that moment, you probably wished you could disappear into thin air. Unfortunately, embarrassing things happen to everyone at one time or another. The good news? You can keep the damage to the minimum.Here's some help.
Laugh it off
You're staring at your crush (意中人) so hard that you walk into a wall.You trip over your own feet and drop all your books.The best thing you can do? As long as you're not seriously hurt, laugh it off.Say like "Hey, I can teach you to do that if you want to!" or "It took me years to learn that!" By laughing at yourself, you show people you're confident and still in control of the situation.That's bound to make a stronger impression than the fact that you dropped a stack of books.
Move on
Some situations are too personal to laugh off.Your underwear falls out of your backpack. Your bathing suit falls off in the pool.You pass gas while giving a presentation.Making a joke would just call more attention to what happened — and that's the last thing you want.What now? You can just pretend nothing happened and go back to what you were doing, or you can acknowledge it with a "Oh, that was awkward" and then move on.
If there's a joker who thinks it's a good idea to point out how badly you just embarrassed yourself, fix him with a glare and then go back to whatever you were doing.Tell yourself he's a little bug on the ground, not even worth thinking about.Remind yourself that it's over, done.Move on.
Apologize and move on
Some embarrassing situations pack a double punch.Not only do you embarrass yourself, but you make someone else feel bad.You say to a friend that another friend is such a copycat, and then realize the copycat is standing right behind you.You imitate your teacher's unusual accent just as the teacher walks in.Now you're embarrassed and they're mad or hurt.
Making a joke now would make the situation even worse, so don't go there.Although you might feel like running away or even crying, neither of those responses will make you look better.Instead, apologize, "I'm so sorry.That was really mean of me."
If you've been disrespectful to a teacher or a parent, accept whatever consequences without complaint.If you've hurt a friend, do your best to make it up to them.Once you've done all you can to make things right again, move on.If someone else brings it up, just say, "I feel bad enough about that —can we just let it go, please?"
The next time you're stuck in an embarrassing moment, remind yourself that you're a strong person and you can get through this.Stay calm and act confident and the moment will pass.
Topic | It is true that we cannot {#blank#}1{#/blank#} getting embarrassed. | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} on how to keep the damage to the minimum | Laugh it off | Laugh it off {#blank#}3{#/blank#} you are seriously hurt. Laughing at yourself helps show your {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, which will make a deeper impression than your embarrassment. |
Move on | In some embarrassing situations, you can just move on after {#blank#}5{#/blank#} it with a “Oh, that was awkward.” If someone points out your embarrassment and laugh at you, {#blank#}6{#/blank#} at him and continue what you are doing. Tell yourself that those who laugh at you are not {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of your consideration. | |
Make an {#blank#}8{#/blank#} and than move on | If you show disrespect for teachers or parents, face consequences rather than {#blank#}9{#/blank#}. Make things right again and move on. If someone else {#blank#}10{#/blank#} your mistake, tell him that you hope to let it go. | |
Conclusion | Stay calm and act confident and you'll survive embarrassing moments. |
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