《见微知著》读到:从一个简单的经典问题出发,从特殊到一般,由简单到复杂:从部分到整体,由低维到高维,知识与方法上的类比是探索发展重要途径,是思想阀门发现新问题、结论的重要方法。阅读材料一;利用整体思想解题,运用代数式的恒等变形,使不少依照常规思路难以解决的问题找到简便解决方法,常用的途径有:⑴整体观察;⑵整体设元;⑶整体代入;⑷整体求和等。
例如:
, 求证:![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
证明:左边:![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
波利亚在《怎样解题》中指出:“当你我到第一个藤菇或作出第一个发现后,再四处看看,他们总是成群生长”类似问题,我们有更多的式子满足以上特征:
阅读材料二
基本不等式
(
,
),当且仅当a=b时等号成立时等号成立,它是解决最值问题的有力工具。
例如:在
的条件下的条件下,当x为何值时,
有最小值,最小值是多少?
解:
,
,
, 即
, 当且仅当
, 即
时,
有最小值为2,
请根据阅读材料解答下列问题: