题型：阅读选择 题类： 难易度：困难
浙江省宁波市江北区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷
①Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person.
②Extrinsic (外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward.
③There are many advantages of intrinsic motivation. Firstly, it's lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction.
④Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal (内部的) wish to complete it. That's when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too-many external (外部的) rewards can reduce (减少) intrinsic motivation. For example, in a study, children were playing with the toys they liked. When they were externally rewarded for their behavior, they became less interested in the toys.
⑤Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation.
⑥Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning.
A to-do list is like a note for you. Write down all the things you want to do or need to finish. It helps you plan your day and make sure you don't forget important things. What's on your list today? Maybe it will look like this.
For my brain Doing homework, reading books
For my body Playing outside, eating delicious fruits and having a health y lunch
For my family | Tidying up my room, calling my grandparents |
For my hobbies | Practicing the violin, doing some painting |
For fun | Playing video games, hanging out with friends |
Remember: put the most important things at the top, like homework before playtime.
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