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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江苏省泰州市泰州中学2017-2018学年高一上学期英语10月月考试卷

阅读理解

    A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform,persuade or entertain.The best speeches often take on a combination of all three of these components(组成部分).However,before you can go about the writing of a great speech,it is important to set goals.Goals keep you,your speech and your audience focused.

What a goal is

    In the context of a speech,a goal is the purpose of the speech,and what it hopes to accomplish.For example,the goal of a eulogy(颂歌)might be to celebrate the life of a loved one.The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question.

    Why a goal is important

    Without a goal,a speech is without direction.The goal informs the structure and content of the speech.For example,if a speech's goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them,the speech will be structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal.A speech with a goal of informing audience will keep the information fair and factual.

    A goal is incredibly important to the speech's ability to connect with an audience.If the speaker is unaware of the goal of the speech,the audience will likely be unaware as well.This severely reduces the effectiveness of the message.

    Besides informing the audience of the content and structure,a speech's goal drives the speaker to greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject but never establishes the goal,they won't know where to start in the research,organizing and writing of the speech.

    If you have been charged with delivering a speech,establishing a goal can seem difficult at first.There are several things to take into consideration.First,think about who you will be speaking to.The demographic(人口统计)of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them or whether they will be able to sit through(一直坐到……结束).Second,think about the topic itself.If the topic is something controversial(有争议的),it may worth your while to consider an informative approach to present both sides of the issue.Finally,consider your resources.A speech with an informative or persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research,and sometimes takes more time to write.

(1)、According to the passage,what three components does the best speech combine?
A、Informing, delivering and entertaining. B、Informing, persuading and entertaining. C、Informing, writing and delivering. D、Informing, writing and persuading.
(2)、The goal of a speech at a political gathering might be_______.
A、to persuade the audience to vote fora candidate B、to celebrate the life of a person you admire C、to entertain the audience with humor and magic D、to persuade the audience to buy new products
(3)、All the following indicate the importance of a speech goal EXCEPT that_______.
A、a speech will lose its direction without a goal B、a speech goal can help keep the audience aware of the speech C、a speech goal can help the speaker know about the research,organizing and writing D、a speech goal makes it possible for the speaker to achieve whatever he wants in life
(4)、Which of the following can be filled into the blank as the subtitle for the last paragraph?
A、How to achieve a speech goal B、How to deliver a difficult speech C、What to consider to establish a goal D、What to consider to deliver a speech
举一反三
阅读理解

    The more interested you are in a topic, the more likely you may be to form “false memories” about the events related to that topic.

    “Most people are pretty confident about their own memory for some events, but new research shows that false memory is a lot more frequent than many people realize. In terms of daily life, the key point here may be to understand that someone who remembers an event differently from yours isn't necessarily lying—someone's memory may be faulty, or it might be you,” said study co-author Ciara Greene, a psychologist at the university College Dublin.

    In the study, the researchers asked 489 people to read four news stories about events that were related to the topics they ranked as the most interesting, and four stories about events related to the topics they rated as the least interesting. In each case, three of these events really did occur, but the fourth one was made up.

    It turned out that people tended to remember the stories of the topics they said they were more interested in compared with the topics they were not interested in. However, the participants also tended to store more false memories related to the topics they were interested in compared with the topics they were not interested in, the researchers found.

    The more people know about a topic, the more memories related to this topic they have stored in their brains, the researchers said. Therefore, when a person meets new information on this topic, that information may find traces of similar memories that have already stored in the brain, Greene said.

    “This can result in a sense of familiarity or recognition of the new material, leading to the conviction (确信) that the information has been met before and is in fact an existing memory,” Greene said. In other words, this new material or information may “feel” familiar and therefore the person may believe it must be true, he said.

    Learning more about how false memories work may help protect against the harmful results of them, such as when eyewitness accounts(证言) of crimes are faulty.

阅读理解

"You can you up, no can no bb." The latest Chinglish buzz phrase, having swept through Chinese cyberspace (网络空间) and society, has now made a landing overseas, entering the US web-based Urban Dictionary.

According to the entry put forward by "gingerdesu", "You can you up" which means "If you can do it, go ahead and do it", is a Chinglish catch phrases referring to people who criticize others' work, especially when the critic is not so much better.

As well as "You can you up", other Chinglish catch phrases, such as "tuhao" and "no zuo no die", have also been recorded on the site.

    Coined with roots in Chinese grammar, and even containing Pinyin, Chinglish words and phrases are even spreading beyond grass roots (草根) websites.

In 2013, "dama" and "tuhao" found their way into The Wall Street Journal and the BBC, and words such as "feng shui", "Chengguan" and "people mountain people sea" have been admitted to the Oxford English Dictionary.

"The frequent use of Chinglish by foreign institutions suggests that people are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China," says Zhang Yiwu, professor of Peking University's Department of Chinese Language and Literature.

"Words like 'dama' and 'tuhao' are so vivid. My friends and I use them a lot —it's so much fun," said Satoshi Nishida, a Japanese student studying at Beijing Language and Culture University.

"Behind these Chinglish words and phrases is the Chinese culture. They are reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society and they help people from other countries to understand what's happening in China," according to Xing Hongbing, a professor of Beijing Language and Culture University.

"When the price of gold went down last year, while the super purchasing power of the Chinese bargain-hunting middle-aged women drew worldwide attention, there was no effective way available in other languages to describe them, and 'dama' filled the gap very neatly," says Xing.

阅读理解

                                                                             Bread Garrett's Comedy Club

    Category: Comedy

    Best known for his role on the Emmy award -winning sitcom(情景喜剧)Everybody Loves Raymond, Brad Garrett returns to his Vegas roots with his comedy club at the MGM Grand. It is a good place to check out when you need a break from work.

    Prices from: $56.40 and up

    Age restriction: Must be 21 years of age or older

    Show Length: 115 minutes

    Mac King Comedy Magic Show

    Category: Comedy, Magic

    The Mac King Comedy Magic Show is different every afternoon, with lots of audience participation. He is willing to make fun of himself instead of his guests in order to make everyone feel welcome and entertained. The afternoon is kid-friendly from start to finish. Still, whether you're eight or 80, you won't be able to figure out King's secrets.

    Prices from: $40.90 and up

    Age restriction: No age restriction

    Show Length: 90 minutes

    The Mentalist, Gerry McCambridge

    Category: Comedy, Magic

    Using his skills as a “mentalist”, Gerry McCambridge shocks the crowds as he uses his abilities to predict just what audience members will do next. Anyone who has seen the show has walked away in disbelief, amazed by his unusual power.

    Prices from: $34.99 and up

    Age restriction: Under 13 will not be admitted into the theater

    Show Length: 75 minutes

    Rock of Ages

    Category: Plays & Musicals

    The cheerful Rock of Ages brings audiences back to the times of big hair and even bigger bands with 28 popular rock songs from the 80s including Every Rose Has Its Thom, I Wanna Know What Love Is, Here I Go Again, and more.

    Rock of Ages has been nominated(提名)for five Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical. It also received a Drama League nomination for Distinguished Production for a Musical.

    Prices from: $74.00 and up

    Age restriction: Must be 15 years of age or older

    Show Length: 125 minutes

阅读理解

    The idea of cloning your pet sounds like a laughable waste of money, because it is. But it starts to seem a little less laughable when your own beloved pet starts getting older. If I had had a few hundred thousand dollars to spare, I know I would have half-seriously considered it for my dear little cat, who died last year. One couple that does happen to have a few hundred dollars to spare is Barry Diller and Diane, who have reportedly cloned their beloved Jack Russell Terrier (a kind of dog), Shannon, and now have two identical Jack Russell Terrier named Deena and Evita.

    When your pet dies, you just want your pet back, or at least as close a copy as you can get. So it's really no surprise that of the around 600 dogs cloned by Sooam Biotech Reaserch Foundation most were cloned for sad pet owners. The lab in Seoul, South Korea, is now the only place on the planet in the business of cloning pet dogs for pet owners.

    But, in fact, the technology won't give you your pet back. There don't yet appear to be any studies on the behaviour of cloned pets, but research on cloned cows and pigs has so far shown marked differences in behaviour and even looks in cloned animals. The DNA is exactly the same, but there are still differences in personality and appearance.

Even if Diller and Von Furstenburg raise their new dogs in the exactly same environment in the exactly same way that they raised Shannon, the new dogs will still behave differently. “The promise of pet cloning is that your cloned pet is going to behave and look like the one you already have — and that will not be the case,” said Professor Jorge Piedrahita at N.C. State. “We have cloned animals that were raised in the same environment, but they still didn't act the same.”

阅读理解

    A recent study led by researchers from the National University of Singapore(NUS)has found a clear link between the color of a taxi and its accident rate. An analysis of 36 months of detailed taxi, driver and accident data from two fleets of yellow and blue taxis in Singapore suggested that yellow taxis have fewer accidents than blue taxis. The higher visibility (能见度)of yellow makes it easier for drivers to avoid getting into accidents with yellow taxis, leading to a lower accident rate.

    The study was led by Prof Ho. To test whether there was a causal relationship between the color of a taxi and the number of accidents the taxi had, the research team analysed data collected by the largest taxi company in Singapore. The researchers found that yellow taxis have about 6.1 fewer accidents per 1,000 taxis per month.

    The researchers also studied the economic effect of changing the color of the entire fleet of taxis to yellow. The Singapore taxi company involved in the study owns about 16,700 taxis in a ratio(比例) of one yellow to three blue taxis. If a commercial decision is made to switch from blue to yellow taxis, 76.6 fewer accidents would occur per month or 917 fewer accidents per year. Assuming an average repair cost of $1,000 per car and a downtime of six days, switching the color of all taxis to yellow could produce an annual savings of $2 million.

    “We are eager to continue to validate(证实) the findings of our study by looking at the use of yellow in other types of public transport, such as school buses. For instance, we hope to compare the accident rates of yellow school buses against other colors to find out if yellow is indeed a safer color for school buses. Besides, we are also interested to look at private-hire vehicles and do a comparison of the accident rates of vehicles that are of different colors,” explained Prof Ho.

 阅读理解

Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans.But she also devoted years to gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides.Her work,Silent Spring,became one of the most influential books of the 20th century.And it launched the modern environmental movement.

Born in Pennsylvania,she became a marine scientist working for the US government,primarily as a writer and editor.Her first three books,Under the Sea-Wind,The Sea Around Us,and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea.They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers.But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject.

Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s.At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry.It had saved countless lives by killing lice and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases.But Carson doubted whether spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe.She painstakingly gathered research to prove that the chemical industry was overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn't been tested.

Carson published her research as a book,Silent Spring,in 1962.It caused an uproar.Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry.Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue.Carson's calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor.Finally,her work convinced the president to call for an investigation.Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring,including DDT,were banned or cancelled.She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain.Yet she refused to stop working on the book.She died on April 14,1964,at the age of 56.Her writings helped move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth.

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