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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册UNIT 5 Poems课时评价作业

阅读理解

Despite its short history, there is a lot of good English poetry around. The earliest English poetry was written in a kind of English that is now difficult to understand. Modern English started around the time of William Shakespeare, towards the end of the 16th century. The 17th century was a great time for English poetry. Shakespeare is famous for his plays. His sonnets, however, belong to the best English poetry. In the next generation of great English poets, we met John Donne. Chinese readers admire his works because of his use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo. Before the end of the century, there was another famous writer, John Milton. Once published, his works became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. In the 18th century, it was Alexander Pope who wrote the finest poetry in England. 

The next period that produced a great number of fine poets was the 19th century. Greatly loved in China were the English romantic poets. The style and atmosphere in poems by William Wordsworth, George Gordon Byron and John Keats have often led us to think of some poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai. 

Finally, modern poets have their special attraction because they stand closest to us both in the language and images they use. Among them we find American poet Robert Frost. 

The introduction of English poetry to China came late. Towards the end of the 19th century, Chinese writers started reading more foreign poetry. The great moment for European literature to come to China was between 1910 and the late 1930s when famous writers such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo translated both poetry and novels from English into Chinese. 

(1)、What does the text mainly talk about?
A、The beauty of English poetry. B、The history of English poetry. C、The development of foreign poetry. D、The importance of poetry appreciation.
(2)、What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A、English poetry has a long history. B、Modern English started in the 17th century. C、John Milton was famous for the use of rhymes. D、John Donne's writing skill is similar to Su Dongpo's.
(3)、How is the text mainly organised?
A、By the order of time. B、By the order of space. C、By the importance of the events. D、By the similarity between the events.
(4)、Why are modern poets especially popular with us?
A、Their poems are the finest. B、They have the same lifestyles as us. C、We can understand their poems better. D、They are good at advertising their works.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Getting paid to stay in bed all day sounds pretty good. But what if someone offered you $23,000 to stay in bed for two months? That's the deal that are search team is offering to 24 volunteers.

    Researchers are looking for volunteers to help them study the influences of weightlessness on the human body by spending 60 days lying down. Lying in bed isn't exactly the same as being weightless, but the influences on the human body are similar.

    When astronauts spend a long time in an environment with no gravity(重力), like the International Space Station (ISS),their bodies are affected in many ways. After a couple of months on the ISS, astronauts' hearts don't beat as hard. Their muscles(肌肉)become weaker because they no longer have to work against gravity. Their bones may break more easily. There may also be changes in the astronauts' sleep habits.

    Dr. Arnaud Beck, the researcher in charge of the study, said his goal is to measure the influences of weightlessness, and also to find ways to prevent problems. The study will take 88 days altogether. During the first two weeks the volunteers will be tested to establish(确定) their levels of fitness. Then they will spend 60 days lying in bed with their heads slightly lower than their bodies. They will have to do everything while lying down, including brushing their teeth and going to the bathroom. Dr. Beck said the rule is that they must have at least one shoulder touching the bed at all times. Half of the volunteers in the study will be taking capsules(胶囊) containing special food supplements(增补物)several times a day to see if they help reduce the health problems caused by weightlessness. The last two weeks of the study will be spent trying to let the volunteers recover. Volunteers must be men between the ages of 20 and 45 who are in perfect health. They must be non-smokers.

    The study will take place from September 1st to November. The first two days are the time for volunteers to sign in.

阅读理解

    You can tell a lot about a country from its passport. Color is the first give-away. Nations tend to pick colors that reflect their national character. New Zealand decorates its famous rugby team, its airline and its passports in the nation's favorite color—black. Many Islamic countries have green passports because of the importance of the color in the Muslim faith.

    But as well as a statement of national identity, color can show international cooperation. The British passport was originally a navy blue. But after Britain joined the European Union in 1973, it switched to burgundy red(酒红色)like other EU countries. The common color was supposed to make European passports instantly recognizable.

    But since colors can't be patented(专利), nothing stops others with the same idea. A number of countries that long to join the EU have changed their passports to burgundy too. Meanwhile Britain has decided to leave the club. Its government has announced that the UK passports will return to navy blue after Breit(脱欧).

    If you have a passport from Singapore or South Korea, you are in possession of one of the most powe3rful travel documents on earth. Passport power is measured by the number of countries the holder can access visa-free. Currently sharing first place in the power rankings, Singaporean and South Korean passports provide visa-free access to 162 countries each. British passport holders share fourth place in the power ranking with six other nations, each accessing 159 countries visa-free. Americans ranked fifth with access to 158. Somalia, Syria, Pakistan and Iraq are among the world's least powerful passports. Afghanistan is the lowest ranking of all, with visa0free access to just 26 countries.

    Having to get a visa is not a piece of cake. First there is the never-ending form. Then there are lengthy appointments and expensive fees. Some visas also require travelers to pre-booked flights to prove that they intend to return home.

    But there are unexpected advantages to some of the world's weaker passports. Middle-ranking Namibia is one of just a handful of countries, whose citizens can enter Angola visa-free. India is one of only three countries, whose citizens have visa-free access to Bhutan.

    A low-ranking passport limits your choices, but not your sense of adventure.

阅读理解

    I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles”(风格) of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”

    Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑) in Japan because most streets there don't have names; In Japan, people use landmarks(地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”

    In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”

    People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it's about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don't know.

    It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don't know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don't know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!

阅读理解

    In a recent series of experiments at the University of California, researchers studied toddlers' thinking about winners and losers, bullies (欺凌) and victims.

    In the first experiment, toddlers (学步儿童) watched a scene in which two puppets (木偶) had conflicting goals: One was crossing a stage from right to left, and the other from left to right. The puppets met in the middle and stopped. Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside, letting the other one pass by. Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked. The result: 20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher-status puppet — the one that did not bow or move aside. It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant (占优势的) and toddlers like winners better than losers.

    But then researchers had another question: Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win? So, researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above. But this time, the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way. Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked, the results were different: Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.

    These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of 21-31 months. This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn: 21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things. But if a preference for winners is something we learn, we appear to learn it quite early.

    Even more interesting, the preference for winners is not absolute. Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down. This suggests that already by the age of 21-31 months, children's liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.

    In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs, these results give us much confidence. Humans understand dominance, but we also expect strong individuals to guide, protect and help others. This feels like good news.

阅读理解

A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year. Now the team behind the robots has improved their design and demonstrated new capabilities.

To create the xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues obtained tissue from 24-hour-old frog embryos after very small physical operation. Where the previous version relied on the contraction of heart muscle cells to move them forward by pushing off surfaces, these new xenobots swim around faster. They also live between three and seven days longer than their previous generation, which only lasted about seven days, and have the ability to sense their surroundings to some extent, turning red when exposed to blue light.

"The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build," says Levin. "To me, one of the most exciting things here is that they are plastic. This idea that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different."

Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable, says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.

Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. "The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons, so it's not an animal," says Auke ljspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn't involved in the research. "It's really cells, so I find it maybe the cleanest way."

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