Who do you think came up with the idea for the Paralympics (残奥会)？The man who organized the sporting events which became the Paralympic Games1was a doctor，Ludwig Guttmann.

      In  his  teens，Ludwig  Guttmann  was  interested  in medicine and worked as a2in a hospital.Then he3from medical school and became a doctor when he was 25 years old.

        Ludwig Guttmann4a successful career for the next  few years.5 ， because Ludwig Guttmann and his family  were Jews，life in Germany was becoming very6for them. In 1938 Ludwig Guttmann7to the UK with his  family where he continued his research8the best way to  treat patients.

      The Second World War was going on and there were a lot of soldiers9in the fighting.Often they10the use of their legs and needed11and help.The disabled soldiers were often12and angry for they couldn't really live a normal life.Ludwig Guttmann used his new13to look after their injuries and he also tried to give them emotional strength.

       Ludwig Guttmann14taking part in sports could help a person's body as well as his mind and began to use15 as a treatment to help his patients.He wanted to give them back their self­respect and dignity and16them to take part in sports.

       In 1948 the hospital held a sporting event called “The International Wheelchair Games”．By 1952 the event began to17bigger with disabled athletes from other countries attending.By 1960 the games were called the International Stoke Mandeville  Games  and they  were  held  in  Rome alongside the18Summer Olympics.By 1968 there were 750 athletes from 29 different countries.Ludwig Guttmann himself died in 1980，even19the games were called “Paralympics”，but there is no20that he is the founder and father of the Paralympic Games.It's thanks to his hard work that we are all able to enjoy the Paralympics.

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      “I failed to protect you.” That was the message posted online by Du Yijun's boy friend. He was with the 21-year-old Fudan University student as she died in the crush of the New Year's Eve crowd on the Bund.

        Du was one of the 36 people who died that night when a holiday celebration 1  into a terrible tragedy. Authorities say over crowding and the  2  of the police to control the crowds were the main reasons why it happened.

         For the last three New Year's Eve celebrations, a light show on the Bund had 3 large crowds and a large police presence, but this year the light show was cancelled and there were fewer police on hand. But the crowds came 4  About 300,000 people were on the Bund by 8:30 that evening and more kept  5  until all hell broke loose around 11:30.

         For some unknown reason, on a stairway  6  up to the riverfront viewing platform, a sense of  7 overtook the crowd and they began to stampede(蜂拥). Some people  8  on the stairs and were stepped 9 to death. More lives would have been  10 had it not been for a group of brave young men who urged the crowd to  11

         Crowd  12 like the one on the Bund happen all over the world and they are becoming more 13   .According to one study, human stampedes have more than doubled in the past two decades. In recent years, hundreds of people have died at 14   festivals, football games and rock 15  all caught in the crush of panicked crowds.

          In Shanghai, authorities have reacted to the Bund tragedy by cancelling or scaling back big events. But this isn't really necessary. Better planning and better crowd 16  can ensure safe celebrations.

17, if you're going to a place where there will be a big crowd, you should take notice of where the exits are and, if the crowd becomes large,    18 away from the center. And most  19 , if the crowd seems too big and makes you feel uncomfortable, just leave. No celebration is 20  losing your life.

    With his leg lame and his teeth uneven, the boy thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world. He 1 played with his classmates, and when asked to answer questions, he always2his head without a word.

    One spring, his father brought home some saplings (树苗). 3 of his children would plant a sapling and he promised, “Whoever4his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly wanted to get the gift. 5 seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees, he 6 an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never 7 it.

    Several days later, he was 8 to find it not only didn't die, but also grew so many fresh 9. Compared with those of his brothers and sisters, his appeared greener. His father kept his 10, bought the boy a gift and said he would become an outstanding 11 after growing up.

    From then on, the boy slowly became 12 and confident. One evening, he suddenly 13 his biology teacher once said that plants   14grow at night. Why not go to see the tree? 

    When he came to the courtyard, he found his father working near the tree! Instantly he 15: Father had been secretly 16 his tree! He returned to his room, tears 17 in his eyes.

    Decades passed. The boy didn't become a botanist. 18, he became the U.S. President. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.

   19 is the best nourishment (滋养品) of life. 20 it is just a bucket of water, it can make the tree of life grow well!

A Welcome Gift

    Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 1 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 2 filled the room and made them feel very happy.

    The next morning, 3, their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 4 under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario's mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 5 people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 6 and apologize for their playing.

    “Maybe we could go and 7 everyone in person.” his mother said. “What if we invited them to come here for a 8 instead? Dario asked. They both loved the 9. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 10 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.

    Finally, the day of the party 11. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 12. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 13 Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.

    “I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I 14 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don't think I disliked the playing.”

    Dario's mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 15 you an apology.” she said. “I didn't 16 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.

    “You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 17 music.”

    “These songs are beautiful music.” Dario's mother said. “We will be 18 to play them in the evening.”

    “And we won't play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to 19 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother's face. It gave him a feeling of 20 and made him feel that they were home at last.

    8-year-old Jiang Tianjian was eating his regular breakfast of rice noodles with his mother on a Sunday. There's nothing unusual about that 1 the way the boy was holding his chopsticks－in between his 2.

    Jiang was born in 2009 without any arms. When his mother, Li Hongmei, was pregnant (怀孕), all of the five prenatal ultrasounds (超声检查) she had 3 that nothing was wrong. Soon after Jiang was born, 4, a nurse came into the room with a 5 look on her face, informing Li that her son didn't have any arms. Despite the fact that some of her family suggested it be best to 6 the boy, Li determined that she would 7 herself to helping her son. From the time he was 18 months old, Jiang has been8 how to do everything with his feet and now he has the 9 to write Chinese characters, solve math problems, draw pictures, play games on his cell phone and 10 do jigsaw puzzles using just his feet.

    According to the class monitor, Jiang was sometimes laughed at because of his 11, but she said the majority of the classmates had 12 on him, playing with him and helping him go to the toilet. Chen Xiuhua, Jiang's head teacher, said he 13 on top. The 52-year-old said she had never seen 14 severely disabled student and 15 that she was worried when she learned that Jiang would be joining her class. But the boy 16 himself from the moment the two met, bowing and greeting Chen with a confident “hello, teacher”. He was excellent 17, scoring full marks in Chinese and math in the midterm exams－the 18 student in his class to do so.

    Unavoidably, life throws a lemon to us which makes us sour and heartbroken. Don't let it 19 you down. All the hard work will20, and Li hopes he will continue to develop his talent in other aspects.

    Madison Williams, aged 13, was studying in her bedroom in Dublin, Ohio. Suddenly, her mother, Leigh Williams, rushed in saying1 “A little boy fell into a septic tank（化粪池）, and no one can 2 him.”

    They ran to the neighbor's yard, where they found the boy's desperate mother and other people 3a septic tank opening that was slightly wider than a4. The boy, only 2, had slipped in.

    Madison quickly 5 the situation. She was the only one who could 6 through the small hole. Without 7she got on her stomach next to the opening, placed her8 out in front of her9 told the adults, “Lower me in.”

    Leigh and the others 10her waist and legs. She moved her arms and shoulders from side to side until she got through the 11 Inside, the tank was dark, and the air was sick. She used her hands to 12 the boy in the dirty water, and jammed her left wrist 13a hidden pole, injuring the muscles in her wrist and arm. Ignoring her14 Madison continued. Minutes ticked by before she15grasped his foot.

    Then, ten minutes after Madison had16 the tank, she and the boy were17. But the boy wasn't out of 18.He had been kept from oxygen long enough that he wasn't19. An adult gave him several hard hits on the back. It was only when Madison heard him cry that she knew he was 20 Madison's action made her a hero.