题型：阅读选择 题类：真题 难易度：普通
山东省德州市2021年中考英语真题试卷（音频暂未更新）
We see humans all around us. But when was the first human seen? Early humans did not leave behind any written records. However, they left behind many paintings on the walls of the caves(洞穴) where they lived. These paintings tell about their life, and we know these early humans walked on four limbs(四肢) like apes (猿). Also, they did not live at one place but moved from place to place in search of food and water.
Without any tools, early humans used stones, bones of animals, and sharp pieces of wood to dig, hunt and cut their food. They also used these to protect themselves from animals. Since stones were used to make tools, this age was called Stone Age.
With time going, tools made of bones and stones were replaced with metal(金属的) ones which were stronger, sharper, and long-lasting. Metals were also used for farming and making knives. Copper(铜) was the first metal to be used.
The first fire that early humans noticed was natural fire caused by lightning(闪电). With fire, early humans could now light up dark caves. They could keep themselves warm during cold weather and cook meat. Also the fire could drive animals away.
Early humans noticed new trees growing from the seeds(种子) that fell to the ground from the fruits. This gave them the idea that they could make their own food by planting seeds, which led to farming. With the beginning of farming, early humans began to settle down(定居). They moved out of the caves and lived on farms and near their fields together, then the first villages came up.
Raising animals was a big event in human history that changed the life of early humans. The wild dogs were probably the first animal to be raised. As time went, goats, sheep, cows, donkeys, and horses were kept, too. This led to herding(畜牧业). Milk, meat and wool came from these animals.
① light up dark caves ② keep themselves warm ③ cook meat
④ drive animals away ⑤ make knives
Invention | kites |
Inventor | Chinese |
Time | 549 |
Material | bamboo /paper/silk |
Usage(用途) | Past:send message Now: for fun and exercise |
Special meaning | the symbol of … （不少于两条） |
Long ago, people didn't need a lot of numbers, but when small villages grew into big cities, people started to need bigger numbers to count bags of crops and make trades. How did people in ancient time count numbers?
Paclfic Islands Some Pacific Island cultures count using the whole body. Different body parts stood for a different number, and the name of that part also means that number. | Rome Greek, Roman, and Hebrew mathematicians used letters for their numbers, The Romans, for example, used I for 1, V for 5, X for 10, L for 50, C for 100, and M for 1,000. To write 49, it took nine letters: XXXXVIIII. | Peru In South America, the Inca came up with a different way to note down numbers — by making knots on ropes. Different kinds of knots stood for different numbers, while the color of the rope may have showed what was being counted. | |
Maya Math The Maya of Central America (200-900 CE) were great mathematicians. They counted in groups of 20. They wrote their numbers from bottom to top, with the bottom row standing for one time (1s), the next row up for 20 times (20s), then 400 times (400s), and so on. They used bean-shaped dots● for 1, twig-shaped lines for 5, and they even had a shell shaped symbol for 0! |
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Sarah | This is my classroom. There are 20 chairs and 20 small desks in the classroom. There is also a big desk in front of the blackboard. The big desk is for teachers. There is a television in the classroom, too. |
Mike | I'm Mike. I am from India (印度). There are only ten students in my class. Look at my classroom. It is a small classroom, but it is nice. There are only ten desks and ten chairs in the classroom. |
Paul | I'm Paul and I'm 18 years old. I am a high school student. Please have a look at my classroom. It is a large classroom and it is beautiful. There are 60 chairs and 60 desks here. Every student has a computer. Our computers are on our desks. |
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