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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2016-2017学年高三下学期英语高考模拟考试试卷

阅读理解

    Science textbooks around the world have become suddenly out of date. Four new chemical elements(元素)have been added to the periodic table. A big decision now lies ahead-elements 113,115,117 and 118 need to be given their official names and symbols.

    New elements can be named after a mythical(神话的) concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property(性质) or a scientist. The names have to be unique and maintain “historical and chemical consistency”. This means a lot of “-iums”.

    “They're Latinising the name,” explains chemist Andrea Sella. “The most recent tradition is to name them after places or people.” The places chosen tend to be where the element was discovered or first produced.

    No one has yet named an element after themselves but many elements are named in honour of important scientists. Albert Einstein was given einsteinium. This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past. “Lise Meitner was really the chemist who spotted nuclear fission(核裂变)but she was never really recognised for it because she was Jewish and a woman, ” says Sella. “Giving an element a name that reminds us of her is greatly important. ”

    The naming process isn't quick. The scientists who discovered them will start things off by suggesting a name. But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it. A special division of the US-based group has to accept the suggestion. Then there is a public review period of five months before the IUPAC gets the final approval. Once it's ready, the name is announced in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.

    Naming an element is not just about functionality. Names are always important.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

(1)、What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A、To introduce the topic. B、To present a finding. C、To point out a problem. D、To call for a decision,
(2)、Why was Lise Meitner mentioned in the naming process in Paragraph 4?

A、To praise her. B、To build her reputation. C、To correct the wrongs of the past. D、To end racial discrimination
(3)、Who has the final say in the naming process of an element?

A、The scientist who discovered them. B、The special division of US-based group. C、The scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry, D、The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
(4)、What is the passage mainly about?

A、How elements get their names. B、Why science textbooks are out of date. C、How new elements are discovered. D、How functional naming an element is.
举一反三
阅读理解

You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain- sensing umbrella.

    The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp.” he said.

    The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

     According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

      While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

阅读理解

    China's box office numbers continue to grow rapidly. It is estimated that the revenues(收入) may pass the U. S. market's as soon as this year. However, this cinematic party could be over just as it's getting started. Some companies are working to convince consumers that the ultimate viewing experience is not on the big screen.

    Instead, it's on the small ones that are already in their pockets-thanks to the technology of virtual reality.

    Already, VR experience centers are popping up in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. They give customers the opportunity to watch VR movies or play VR games for about the same price as a discount movie ticket. Online video sites, meanwhile, are also moving into the VR field. Some of them, like Youku, have launched(推出) their own VR apps and channels.

    China has more than 700 million smartphone users. A large percentage of them are already more than willing to download and watch TV shows and even full-length movies on their handsets. This potentially makes them more likely to embrace VR content than Americans and Europeans.

    But in fact, it's not just Chinese companies and video websites that believe VR will pull viewers away from movie theaters. International production companies that, for years, have made block busters (大片) for cinema audiences are also warning that disruptive change is around the corner.

    Maureen Fan, chief executive of the Silicon Valley VR start-up Baobab Studios, after bringing her company's animated VR short Invasion to the Shanghai International Film Festival last year, concluded that the field had been evolving much more rapidly than she expected. "What I thought would take ten years has happened in one or two," she said. However, she also noted that the industry needs more people who can create great stories to move VR beyond a niche product(小众产品 ) and into the mass market. "The technology is already there. What continues to be lacking is good content," Fan said. "There's a certain amount, but we would love to see more."

阅读理解

    Argument for awards

    It's always exciting every year in October when the Nobel Prizes are announced. We get to witness the acknowledgement (表彰) of some of humankind's greatest minds in six fields – literature (文学), medicine, physics, chemistry, economics and activism for peace.

    This year, however, part of the excitement will be taken away, since there won't be a Nobel Prize in literature due to the fact that the Swedish Academy – the institution (机构) that awards the prize – was involved in a sexual harassment scandal.

People worry that a scandal like this will affect the reputation of the Nobel Prizes. But at the same time, we have to ask ourselves whether we really need these awards after all.

    According to Jana Gallus, an economist from the University of Zurich, Switzerland, one of the reasons that people give out awards is to establish a legacy (遗产). In the case of the Nobel Prizes, they encourage people to achieve more by acknowledging the hard work of top figures in different fields.

    Awards may also help establish standards of what's considered high quality. For example, if you're having a hard time deciding which movie to watch, one of them having an Oscar under its belt will probably help you to make your mind up. And by reading the books that have won The Man Booker Prize or listening to songs that have been awarded a Grammy, you get an idea about what “great” literature and music look and sound like – at least in the eyes of judging panels (评审团).

    Sure, awards can backfire. There was the OscarsSoWhite movement in 2015 and 2016, when it turned out that all 20 actors nominated (提名) for two years in a row were white. There was also the GrammysSoMale movement in January, when Alessia Cara was the only woman to win a solo Grammy this year. But still, it was these incidents that brought the problems of racism (种族歧视) and gender (性别) inequality into the public eye once more. And with influential voices – like that of black actor Will Smith, who refused to attend the Oscars ceremony – the problems became more likely to be noticed and dealt with instead of being buried silently, again.

    Maybe these awards do matter, and we do need them – just not while they are under the shadow of a sexual harassment scandal.

    So when it comes to this year's Nobel Prize in Literature, I'm going to have to say: "No, thanks."

    BY CHEN XUE, 21ST CENTURY TEENS STAFF

任务型阅读

When a new school semester begins,many children felt very bad about it.They feel very nervous about going back to school.According to the experts,it's totally normal.Transitions(转变) are hard for everyone,{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.That's because routines are healthy for us,and changing into a new one can throw us off. 

For parents,it's really important to know that it's very normal for their children to have a whole range of feelings about going back to school—from excitement,to anxiety and sadness,to even anger.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.They might have stomachaches or headaches when thinking about returning to school in September.And that's all normal,too. 

One of the best ways to ease into a new routine is to help the children focus on what they are looking forward to,{#blank#}3{#/blank#}.It could be one friend they're excited to see or even the idea of walking to school every day. 

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}.Walking or biking by the school can help.Hanging out with a kid who's going to be in the same grade is a better way to relieve anxiety. 

Getting enough sleep,exercising,and talking to reliable adults and friends are other effective ways to cope with anxiety and negative feelings.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}."If bedtime is now super late,or there is no bedtime,try to move it an hour earlier every night leading up to your first day of school," said an expert. 

A.whether you're a kid or an adult

B.rather than what makes them feel nervous

C.instead of returning to school without preparation

D.For some kids,those feelings can even be physical

E.Most parents don't have empathy for their children's feelings

F.Besides,getting used to the new environment before school starts is also a good idea

G.It's also suggested that kids should get their bedtime back on track a week ahead of school

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