题型：阅读选择 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
北京市101中学2019-2020学年八年级下学期英语6月月考英语试卷
What does the word "patent (专利权)" mean to you? Does it interest you? If it does, stop and think a moment about some of the common things that you use every day: the telephone, radio, television, and the thousands of other things that enrich our lives today, were once only ideas in the minds of men. If it had not been possible to patent their ideas, so as to protect them from being copied, these inventions might never have been fully developed to serve human beings.
If there were no patent protection, there would be little encouragement to invent, for once the secrets of an invention became known, those who did not experience the inventor's risks and expenses (花费) might well fill the market with their copies of his product and steal much of the benefit (益处) of his efforts.
The most basic values in the U. S. patent system came from England. During the rule of Queen Elizabeth I in England, the growing technology was furthered by the giving of exclusive privileges (独家特权) to people who had invented new processes (程序) or tools—a step that did much to encourage creativity. Later, an important value was added: society had everything to gain and nothing to lose by giving exclusive privileges to an inventor, because a patent for an invention was given for something new that society never had before.
George Washington signed the first patent law on April 10, 1790, and less than four months later, the first patent was given to a man named Samuel Hopkins for a chemical process, an improved method in soap making.
In 1936, the Patent Office became a separate department and it has grown into an organization of over 2,500 people who every week deal with more than 1,600 patent applications, and of those, give more than 1,000. A patent may be given for any new and useful process, machine, or planning method.
The patent system has also helped to improve the pay of the American worker to an unexpected level; he can produce and earn more by using computers or adding machines, two important patented inventions. Patented inventions also help keep prices down by encouraging competition.
Our patent laws, like the Constitution from which they grew, have stood the test of time. They have encouraged creative processes, brought great benefits to society as a whole, and enabled American technology tooutstrip that of the rest of the modern world.
Things to Do in Star Town This Summer
Harrot Music FestivalHarrot Music Festival is more and more popular with people these years. This year, we are celebrating our 50th birthday. We begin on 1st June with famous artists giving a wonderful show of Mozart pieces in the Yorks Hall. Dates: 1st June—31st July Tickets: £12—£96 | Judy's Summer ClassesAs the summer months come in, the countryside in Star Town makes the perfect places for outdoor exercise. Come and work out with our personal trainers, Judy. We will hold a free taster session (试课) on 23rd May, at 10 am. to show different kinds of exercise. There are only eight spaces for it. Book online a week earlier. Dates: 23rd May—11st July Tickets: £7.50 each |
Felt (毛毡) MakingThe workshop at Helms Arts Centre will teach you how to make your picture in felt. Your works can be on show in the art market in front of the centre. We will also share ideas about making felt with different kinds of wool (羊毛). Dates: 12th June—12th July Tickets: £40 including materials | Figure It Out!—Playing with MathsA new show in Fax Mall uses everyday activities to explain the secret in maths. Maths questions will be asked from time to time and you will have chances to get small presents during the show. Dates: 7th May—10th June Tickets: Free |
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